Salicylic-acid–induced recovery ability in salt-stressed Hordeum vulgare plants

Abstract

The recovery ability of barley plants from salt stress conditions was assessed using foliar application of salicylic acid (SA) in a study conducted under controlled conditions. The barley plants (Hordeum vulgare L. 'Reyhan') were subjected to saline water with varying salinity levels (tap water 0.67 dS m -1 as control, 3, 6, 9, and 12 dS m -1 ) from 14 to 42 days after sowing (DAS). Then the plants were subjected to recovery treatments for 4 weeks, from 42 to 70 DAS. The recovery treatments included: non-recovery (R 0 ), irrigation with tap water (R 1 ), and irrigation with tap water + 2 foliar applications of SA with a 1-week interval (R 2 ). The results showed that salt stress decreased shoot and root dry weight, leaf K + concentration, and photosynthesis rate, while it increased leaf Na + concentration and free proline, soluble protein, and chlorophyll contents. These reductions were related directly to stress intensity. Both recovery treatments increased shoot dry weight, Na + concentration, free proline, chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic rate. Compensation of root dry weight losses due to salt stress was observed only in R 1 . However, for other measured traits recovery ability with R 2 was greater than with R 1 . Overall, it appeared that although recovery treatments could not fully eliminate salt-induced damages, the recovery treatment with SA proved to be very effective in alleviating the adverse effects of salt stress on barley plants.

Imperative roles of salicylic acid and nitric oxide in improving salinity tolerance in Pisum sativum L.

“…However, application of SA and/or SNP alleviated the adverse effects of salt-stress by up-regulating the process of protein synthesis and antioxidant machinery in P. sativum L. radicles. Both SNP and SA were found to accelerate the pace of protein synthesis and defence enzymes of salt-exposed C. arietinum L. and Hordeum vulgare L. plants resulting higher levels of protein (Sheokand et al 2010;Pirasteh-Anosheh et al 2014) and lower PCO content. SA is also shown to confer resistance to various abiotic stresses by its ability to express genes that specifically codes for stress responsive proteins like PR-proteins (Merkouropolous et al 1999).…”

“…Higher osmolyte concentration was also correlated with higher relative water content and ability of plants to survive under salineconditions. These osmolytes has also been proven to serve as molecular chaperons involved in safeguard of protein integrity and activation of key enzymes (Pirasteh-Anosheh et al 2014). As osmoprotectors, sugars stabilize membranes and proteins, possibly by substituting the water in the formation of hydrogen bonds with polar residues of polypeptides and phosphate groups of phospholipids (Maimaiti et al 2014).…”

“…In regard, treatments of some of the compounds viz; signalling molecules, plant hormones, osmoprotectants, antioxidants, polyamines and trace elements have popularly been shown to confer salt stress tolerance to plants (Hayat et al 2012;Agami 2013). Among those, the salicylic acid (SA) and nitric oxide (NO) are recognized to improve salt stress tolerance and regulate plant growth and productivity efficiently (Kazemi et al 2010;Hayat et al 2012;Pirasteh-Anosheh et al 2014).…”

“…Available literature testifies that exogenous application of SA ameliorates the injurious effects of salt by modulating the activities of important antioxidants (Ismail 2013). It was shown to reduce the extent of lipid peroxidation reaction and associated membrane perturbation, and also to improve rate of seed germination and ion uptake/transport (Hayat et al 2012;Pirasteh-Anosheh et al 2014). Exogenously applied SA was shown to minimize the Na ?…”

“…, Cland ROS contents, which were increased during salinity stress (Hayat et al 2012). In addition, foliar application of SA alleviated the damaging effects of various abiotic stresses, which were chiefly ascribed due to the enhanced synthesis or accumulation of free proline and cellular proteins (Pirasteh-Anosheh et al 2014;Chandrakar et al 2016b).…”