Salicylic acid improves podophyllotoxin production in cell cultures of Linum album by increasing the expression of genes related with its biosynthesis

Abstract

Treatment of Linum album cell cultures with 10 μM salicylic acid (SA) for 3 days improved podophyllotoxin (PTOX) production up to 333 μg/g dry weight (DW): over three times that of the control cultures. qPCR analyses showed that in SA-treated cells, the expression of the genes coding for phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR) and cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), all involved in the first steps of PTOX biosynthesis, also increased reaching a peak 8-12 h after the treatment. Expression of the pinoresinol-lariciresinol reductase gene (PLR), which is involved in one of the last biosynthetic steps, was not affected by SA. The selective action of SA on these genes can be applied to control the biotechnological production of this anticancer agent.

Accumulation of madecassoside - a major component of centelloside - in centella (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) cells elicited by salicylic acid

“…Meanwhile, many studies used SA to improve the biosynthesis of important metabolic compounds in cell or hairy-root cultures of different plant species, e.g. jaceosidin and siringin from Saussurea medusa (11), flavonolignans and lipoxygenase from Silybum marianum (12), phenolic metabolism in Matricaria chamomilla (13), metabolic changes of Catharanthus roseus cell cultures (14), podophyllotoxin from Linum album (15), and taxol from Taxus baccata (16). In a previous report, we showed a stimulatory effect of SA on the biosynthesis of asiaticoside in centella cells (17).…”

Enhanced production of valerenic acid in hairy root culture of Valeriana officinalis by elicitation

“…The inefficiency of SA in promoting valtrate production in adventitious roots of Valeriana amurensis has also been reported [42]. However, several studies have shown the effectiveness of SA in improving target metabolites in the plant cells [35,43]. SA and Jasmonic acid (JA)/MJ are messengers in the signal transduction chains involved in different pathways of biosynthesis and in activation of secondary metabolites and enzymes that participate in the plant stress response [44]; and exogenous application of MJ and SA may also induce the expression of many defense genes in plants [45].…”

Induction of lignans and phenolic compounds in cell culture of Linum album by culture filtrate of Fusarium graminearum

“…Cell suspension cultures of L. album were prepared from leaf explants-derived calliin 50 mL of Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium supplemented with 30 g/L sucrose, 2 mg/L naphthalene acetic acid, and 0.4 mg/L kinetin (Yousefzadi, Sharifi, Behmanesh, Moyano, & Palazon 2010). All suspension cultures were incubated on a gyratory shaker at 120 rpm in darkness at 25°C and subcultured every week.…”

“…Lignans were extracted from cells by sonication in methanol/water, as previously described (Yousefzadi, Sharifi, Behmanesh, Moyano, & Palazon 2010). The extract was dissolved in methanol again, and filtered through a Millex-LH filter with 0.45 µm pore size (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA).…”

“…Therefore, elicitation is used in plant cell cultures to enhance the lignan compounds. For instance, methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid were found to induce PTOX production in cell culture of L. album (Yousefzadi, Sharifi, Behmanesh, Moyano, & Palazon 2010). Furthermore, Baldi et al (2008) showed the increase of the PTOX production by co-culturing L. album cells with axenically arbuscular mycorrhizalike fungi, Piriformospora indica and Sebacina vermifera.…”