Salicylic acid-based poly(anhydride esters) for control of biofilm formation in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium

Abstract

Aims: Bacterial biofilms generally are more resistant to stresses as compared with free planktonic cells. Therefore, the discovery of antimicrobial stress factors that have strong inhibitory effects on bacterial biofilm formation would have great impact on the food, personal care, and medical industries. Methods and Results: Salicylate‐based poly(anhydride esters) (PAE) have previously been shown to inhibit biofilm formation, possibly by affecting surface attachment. Our research evaluated the effect of salicylate‐based PAE on biofilm‐forming Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. To remove factors associated with surface physical and chemical parameters, we utilized a strain that forms biofilms at the air–liquid interface. Surface properties can influence biofilm characteristics, so the lack of attachment to a solid surface eliminates those constraints. The results indicate that the salicylic acid‐based polymers do interfere with biofilm formation, as a clear difference was seen between bacterial strains that form biofilms at the air–liquid interface (top‐forming) and those that form at the surface–liquid interface (bottom‐forming). Conclusion: These results lead to the conclusion that the polymers may not interfere with attachment; rather, the polymers likely affect another mechanism essential for biofilm formation in Salmonella. Significance and Impact of the study: Biofilm formation can be prevented through controlled release of nature‐derived antimicrobials formulated into polymer systems.

The effects of ferulic and salicylic acids on Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas fluorescens single- and dual-species biofilms

“…Prithiviraj et al (2005), using the Arabidopsis thaliana-P. aeruginosa pathosystem, gathered evidence that suggests that SA, besides triggering defense responses, could also act on P. aeruginosa by disruption of biofilm formation on biotic and abiotic surfaces and by repression of a number of virulence factors. Other authors (Rosenberg et al, 2008;Nowatzki et al, 2012) found that salicylic acid-based and realising polymers significantly reduced biofilm formation by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and E. coli. Ergün et al (2011) demonstrated that simple aromatic esters of FA inhibited biofilm formation by S. aureus at a concentration <8 g ml -1 .…”

Antimicrobial Effects of Antipyretics

“…(21,(32)(33)(34), E. coli (25,26,35,36), P. aeruginosa (37)(38)(39), and S. epidermidis (Table 2) (30,38,40). Biofilm production by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium was also reduced by SAL, but the concentrations tested were not specified (41). One study showed no effect of SAL on biofilm production by E. coli (37).…”

Biofilm biomass disruption by natural substances with potential for endodontic use

“…Concentrations of the test substances were based on previous studies. 7,11,12,23 Despite some variations of effectiveness depending on the bacterial source of the biofilm, our overall findings revealed that the combinations of farnesol, xylitol and lactoferrin or farnesol and xylitol had the best outcomes among the substances tested.…”

“…28 In a study using mixed biofilms, salicylic acid specifically inhibited S. aureus, consequently increasing the ratios of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E. faecalis within the same biofilm. 23 This indicates that salicylic acid preferentially affects certain species, which may help explain its poor results against the three strains (two species) tested in the present study. Another possible explanation for our observed poor performance of salicylic acid is that, in most other studies, the compound was applied prior to biofilm formation whereas we evaluated its effects on established biofilms.…”