This study evaluated the in vitro effects of four natural substances on the biomass of bacterial biofilms to assess their potential use as root canal irrigants. The following substances and their combinations were tested: 0.2% farnesol; 5% xylitol; 20% xylitol; 0.2% farnesol and 5% xylitol; 0.2% farnesol, 5% xylitol, and 0.1% lactoferrin; 5% xylitol and 0.1% lactoferrin; and 20 mM salicylic acid. The crystal violet assay was used to evaluate the effects of these substances on the biomass of biofilms formed by Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus epidermidis. All substances except for 20 mM salicylic acid and 20% xylitol reduced biofilm mass when compared to controls. The combination of farnesol and xylitol was the most effective agent against E. faecalis ATCC 29212 (p < 0.05). Farnesol combined with xylitol and lactoferrin was the most effective against biofilms of the endodontic strain of E. faecalis MB35 (p < 0.05). Similarly, combinations involving farnesol, xylitol, and lactoferrin reduced the biomass of S. epidermidis biofilms. In general, farnesol, xylitol, and lactoferrin or farnesol and xylitol reduced biofilm biomass most effectively. Therefore, it was concluded that combinations of antibiofilm substances have potential use in endodontic treatment to combat biofilms.
Paratuberculosis is an important enteritis of ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map). The disease is officially considered exotic in Brazil, but recent serological surveys and the isolation of the agent suggest it may occur in our herds. The aim of this study was to evaluate three different formulations of Herrold's egg yolk agar with mycobactin J (HEYM) and four faecal culture protocols considering their ability for Map growth as well as cost and ease of application. Three formulations of HEYM were inoculated with two suspensions of Map. Spiked faeces and naturally contaminated faecal samples were treated by the four faecal culture protocols. Centrifugation protocol and HEYM recommended by OIE showed the best results on the recovery of Map.
O estudo das micobactérias atípicas; em especial das que compõem o complexo Mycobaterium avium(MAC), vem Crescendo em função de sua associação com diferentes tipos de patologias, principalmente em pacientes iillunodeprimidos. Suínos podem atuar como reservatórios destes microrganismos e o exame destes animais em uma região específica permite avaliar a situação epidemiológica das micobacterioses na população humana e das espécies animais. Foram examinados 73 suínos abatidos no ambiente de criação, sem a devida inspeção sanitária. Isolaram-se 21 amostras, sendo sete amostras de crescimento rápido, seis pertencentes MAC e uma Mycobacterium scrofulaceum. Foram ainda identificadas 14 de micobactérias atípicas de crescimento rápido, classificadas em M. flavescens (4 amostras), M. chitae (3 amostras), M. peregrinum (2 amostras), M. fortuitum (2 amostras) e M. diemhoferi (1 amostra). Consideramos os índices de isolamento verificados bastante altos, especialmente tendo em vista que esses animais são consumidos diretamente sem qualquer espécie de fiscalização sanitária ou. de tratamento prévio. dos produtos. Desta forma, consideramos que os animais oriundos de abate clandestino representam importante risco de contaminação ambiental e da população humana exposta a micobactérias em geral e, especialmente, às do MAC.
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