Saikosaponins: a potential treatment option for systemic lupus erythematosus

Wu, GuoDu; Wu, Hancheng; Fan, Liangsheng; Pan, Hai

doi:10.1007/s11845-010-0646-4

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Bioactive compound extracts from natural products are known to possess some therapeutic potential for inflammation (9)(10)(11)(12). Saikosaponin a (SSNa) is one of the major triterpenoid saponins derived from Bupleurum falcatum L. (13), and has various pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, immunoregulating, antibacterial, antiviral, and anticancer activities (9,14-18).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saikosaponin a, an active compound of Radix Bupleuri, attenuates inflammation in hypertrophied 3T3-L1 adipocytes via ERK/NF-κB signaling pathways

Kim

Park

Jeon

et al. 2015

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

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Bupleurum falcatum L. is employed in oriental medicine in Korea. This root has been used for anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic, and anti-hepatotoxic effects in the treatments of common cold, fever, and hepatitis. One of major bioactive compounds of Radix Bupleuri is the saikosaponin a (SSNa). However, little is known concerning the effects of SSNa on obesity associated with a state of low-grade inflammation. Consequently, this study was conducted to determine the inhibition of the inflammation pathway of SSNa in obesity. MTT assay was conducted for cytotoxicity and viability; nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions were extracted from adipocytes for translocation of nuclear factor-κB cells (NF-κB); nitric oxide (NO) production and secretion using Griess reagent; reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunoblotting for mRNA and protein levels associated with inflammation in the hypertrophied adipocytes. The results revealed that SSNa significantly decreased the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 as proinflammatory cytokines, compared to that of non-treated control cells. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) as inflammatory factors were reduced by treatment of these cells with SSNa and also suppressed NO production. Phosphorylation of IκBα was inhibited and translocation of NF-κB was suppressed via the ERK pathway in response to SSNa treatment. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that SSNa can inhibit the expression of inflammatory-associated genes in hypertrophied 3T3-L1 adipocytes and is a potent inhibitor of NF-κB activation. Thus these results suggest that SSNa is a novel therapeutic agent against that can be used against obesity-associated inflammation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saikosaponin a, an active compound of Radix Bupleuri, attenuates inflammation in hypertrophied 3T3-L1 adipocytes via ERK/NF-κB signaling pathways

Kim

Park

Jeon

et al. 2015

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

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“…SSs are also regarded as the major effective components of xiao-chai-hu-tang, one of the most popular Chinese medicinal formulae that has been widely used for its various pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antihepatic fibrosis properties (4-6). Thus far, at least 10 types of SS have been identified, and among which saikosaponin-d (SSd) is considered to be the most active component (1,7). Studies have reported that SS may potently inhibit the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma (8), cervical cancer (9), lung adenocarcinoma (10), colon carcinoma (11), breast cancer (12) and melanoma (13) cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saikosaponin-d inhibits proliferation of DU145 human prostate cancer cells by inducing apoptosis and arresting the cell cycle at G0/G1 phase

Yao

Yang

Cao

et al. 2014

Molecular Medicine Reports

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Saikosaponin‑d (SSd), a triterpene saponin compound derived from Bupleurum radix, has been shown to have a cytotoxic effect on various cancer cell lines. However, its effect on prostate cancer cells has remained unexplored. The present study reports the apoptosis‑inducing effect of SSd on the DU145 human prostate carcinoma cell line. Treatment with SSd inhibited DU145 cell proliferation in a concentration‑dependent manner. Flow cytometric analysis showed that SSd inhibited the proliferation of DU145 cells by induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase. Further mechanistic experiments demonstrated that SSd arrested the cell cycle at G0/G1 phase via upregulation of p53 and p21 and induced apoptosis by modulating B‑cell lymphoma 2 family proteins, dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome c into the cytosol and activation of caspase‑3. In conclusion the present study indicated that SSd induced apoptosis in DU145 cells by the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Therefore, SSd may become a leading candidate drug for the therapy of prostate carcinoma.

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“…As major bioactive compounds isolated from RB, saikosaponins have numerous biological activities, including immunoregulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial and anti-viral activity (3,4). One study demonstrated that saikosaponin A (SSA) exhibits anti-inflammatory activity (5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saikosaponin A mediates the inflammatory response by inhibiting the MAPK and NF-κB pathways in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells

Zhu

Luo

Wang

et al. 2013

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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Saikosaponin A (SSA) is a major triterpenoid saponin isolated from Radix bupleuri (RB), a widely used Chinese traditional medicine to treat various inflammation-related diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity, as well as the molecular mechanism of SSA in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. In this study, we demonstrated that SSA markedly inhibits the expression of certain immune-related cytotoxic factors, including cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS), as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6. It also significantly upregulates the expression of IL-10, an important anti-inflammatory cytokine, suggesting its anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-stimulated macrophages. We further demonstrated that SSA inhibits the activation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway by suppressing the phosphorylation of inhibitory NF-κB inhibitor α (IκBα) and thus holding p65 NF-κB in the cytoplasm to prevent its translocation to the nucleus. In addition, SSA also inhibits the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway by downregulating the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (c-JNK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), the three key components of the MAPK family. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that SSA has an anti-inflammatory effect by regulating inflammatory mediators and suppressing the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells.

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Saikosaponins: a potential treatment option for systemic lupus erythematosus

Cited by 11 publications

References 23 publications

Saikosaponin a, an active compound of Radix Bupleuri, attenuates inflammation in hypertrophied 3T3-L1 adipocytes via ERK/NF-κB signaling pathways

Saikosaponin a, an active compound of Radix Bupleuri, attenuates inflammation in hypertrophied 3T3-L1 adipocytes via ERK/NF-κB signaling pathways

Saikosaponin-d inhibits proliferation of DU145 human prostate cancer cells by inducing apoptosis and arresting the cell cycle at G0/G1 phase

Saikosaponin A mediates the inflammatory response by inhibiting the MAPK and NF-κB pathways in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells

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