Sahlep (Dactylorhiza osmanica): Phytochemical Analyses by LC-HRMS, Molecular Docking, Antioxidant Activity, and Enzyme Inhibition Profiles

Abstract

Studies have shown an inverse correlation among age-related illnesses like coronary heart disease and cancer and intake of fruit and vegetable. Given the probable health benefits of natural antioxidants from plants, research on them has increased. Dactylorhiza osmanica is consumed as a food and traditional medicine plant in some regions of Turkey, so evaluation of the biological ability of this species is important. In this study, the amount of phenolic content (LC-HRMS), antioxidant activities and enzyme inhibitory properties of an endemic plant, D. osmanica, were investigated. The antioxidant capacities of an ethanol extract of D. osmanica aerial parts (EDOA) and roots (EDOR) were evaluated with various antioxidant methods. Additionally, the enzyme inhibitory effects of EDOA and EDOR were examined against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), α-glycosidase, and α-amylase enzymes, which are associated with common and global Alzheimer’s disease and diabetes mellitus. The IC50 values of EDOA against the enzymes were found to be 1.809, 1.098, and 0.726 mg/mL, respectively; and the IC50 values of EDOR against the enzymes were found to be 2.466, 0.442, and 0.415 mg/mL, respectively. Additionally, LC-HRMS analyses revealed p-Coumaric acid as the most plentiful phenolic in both EDOA (541.49 mg/g) and EDOR (559.22 mg/g). Furthermore, the molecular docking interaction of p-coumaric acid, quercitrin, and vanillic acid, which are the most plentiful phenolic compounds in the extracts, with AChE, α-glucosidase, and α-amylase, were evaluated using AutoDock Vina software. The rich phenolic content and the effective antioxidant ability and enzyme inhibition potentials of EDOA and EDOR may support the plant’s widespread food and traditional medicinal uses.

Comprehensive Metabolite Profiling of Berdav Propolis Using LC-MS/MS: Determination of Antioxidant, Anticholinergic, Antiglaucoma, and Antidiabetic Effects

“…The reducing capacity of a compound may be a good predictor of its potential antioxidant activity. The Fe 3+ -TPTZ-reducing test was used to assess the reducing capabilities of propolis and standards [ 69 ]. In our previous study, we determined that the aqueous extract of propolis exhibited concentration-dependent (10–30 μg/mL) Fe 3+ -reducing and cupric ion (Cu 2+ )-reducing abilities with statistically significant differences ( p < 0.01) [ 2 ].…”

Determination of Antioxidant, Anti-Alzheimer, Antidiabetic, Antiglaucoma and Antimicrobial Effects of Zivzik Pomegranate (Punica granatum)—A Chemical Profiling by LC-MS/MS

“…Because α-amylase plays a significant role in the digestion of dietary starches, its inhibition helps to prevent and control postprandial hyperglycemia. As a result, numerous studies have looked into and discovered the inhibition of α-amylase by natural products, such as plant extracts, in recent years [ 114 ]. P. granatum peel extracts in both aqueous and methanolic form were found to have no effect on the enzyme α-amylase in earlier research [ 115 ].…”

Traditional, Therapeutic Uses and Phytochemistry of Terrestrial European Orchids and Implications for Conservation

“…The presence of p -hydroxybenzyl alcohol, known as neuroactive and sedative, could be also at the basis of the alleged psychoactive properties of A. pyramidalis tuber or of D. maculata flowers (see Table 1 ). The tuber of D. osmanica was used to cure coughs, inflammation, ulcers, and skin boils: Kiziltas et al [ 188 ], while investigating the tuber extract to evaluate other biological properties, found that fumaric acid, p -coumaric acid, rosmarinic acid, and vanillic acid were present. A contribution of these compounds to the beneficial effect of D. osmanica ’s tuber use cannot be excluded.…”

“…Dactylorhiza osmanica : This species and its phytochemicals have been already mentioned above. Kiziltas et al [ 188 ] also found that both tuber and flowering stem extracts have anti-Alzheimer and anti-diabetes properties, as evaluated by in vitro enzymatic assays (inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), α -glycosidase, and α -amylase).…”