Safranal Alleviates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis and Suppresses Macrophage-Mediated Inflammation

Lertnimitphun, Peeraphong; Jiang, Yiwen; Kim, Nami; Fu, Wenwei; Zheng, Changwu; Tan, Hongsheng; Zhou, Hua; Zhang, Xue; Pei, Weizhong; Lu, Yue; Xu, Hong‐Xi

doi:10.3389/fphar.2019.01281

Cited by 30 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Whereas the MAPKs and NF-κB signaling pathways play a great role in inflammatory responses, our RNA-seq data showed differentially expressed genes that were related to the immune systems such as Ccl7 and Cxcl10 are related to MAPKs and NF-κB signaling pathways ( 19 ). As we previously reported, safranal inhibited the MAPKs and NF-κB signaling pathways in macrophages ( 20 ). We investigated whether safranal also inhibited these signaling pathways in BMMCs.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 75%

Safranal Alleviated OVA-Induced Asthma Model and Inhibits Mast Cell Activation

Lertnimitphun

Zhang

et al. 2021

Front. Immunol.

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IntroductionAsthma is a chronic and recurring airway disease, which related to mast cell activation. Many compounds derived from Chinese herbal medicine has promising effects on stabilizing mast cells and decreasing inflammatory mediator production. Safranal, one of the active compounds from Crocus sativus, shows many anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we evaluated the effect of safranal in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma model. Furthermore, we investigate the effectiveness of safranal on stabilizing mast cell and inhibiting the production of inflammatory mediators in passive systemic anaphylaxis (PSA) model.MethodsOVA-induced asthma and PSA model were used to evaluate the effect of safranal in vivo. Lung tissues were collected for H&E, TB, IHC, and PAS staining. ELISA were used to determine level of IgE and chemokines (IL-4, IL-5, TNF-α, and IFN-γ). RNA sequencing was used to uncovers genes that safranal regulate. Bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) were used to investigate the inhibitory effect and mechanism of safranal. Cytokine production (IL-6, TNF-α, and LTC4) and NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathway were assessed.ResultsSafranal reduced the level of serum IgE, the number of mast cells in lung tissue were decreased and Th1/Th2 cytokine levels were normalized in OVA-induced asthma model. Furthermore, safranal inhibited BMMCs degranulation and inhibited the production of LTC4, IL-6, and TNF-α. Safranal inhibits NF-κB and MAPKs pathway protein phosphorylation and decreases NF-κB p65, AP-1 nuclear translocation. In the PSA model, safranal reduced the levels of histamine and LTC4 in serum.ConclusionsSafranal alleviates OVA-induced asthma, inhibits mast cell activation and PSA reaction. The possible mechanism occurs through the inhibition of the MAPKs and NF-κB pathways.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 75%

Safranal Alleviated OVA-Induced Asthma Model and Inhibits Mast Cell Activation

Lertnimitphun

Zhang

et al. 2021

Front. Immunol.

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“…It also inhibits the expression of iNOS and cox-2 in vitro . Furthermore, safranal exhibited similar anti-inflammatory responses in DSS-induced colitis mice [ 321 ]. Safranal also partially restored the levels of inflammatory mediators such as IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and NF-κB to normal levels, in the hippocampus of the amyloid β-induced AD model.…”

Section: Anti-inflammatory Role Of Spicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19, cytokines, inflammation, and spices: How are they related?

et al. 2021

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Background Cytokine storm is the exaggerated immune response often observed in viral infections. It is also intimately linked with the progression of COVID-19 disease as well as associated complications and mortality. Therefore, targeting the cytokine storm might help in reducing COVID-19-associated health complications. The number of COVID-associated deaths (as of January 15, 2021; https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/ ) in the USA is high (1199/million) as compared to countries like India is low (110/million). Although the reason behind this is not clear, spices may have some role in explaining this difference. Spices and herbs are used in different traditional medicines, especially in countries such as India to treat various chronic diseases due to their potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Aim To evaluate the literature available on the anti-inflammatory properties of some spices which might prove beneficial in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 associated cytokine storm. Method A detailed literature search has been conducted on PubMed for collecting information pertaining to the COVID-19; the history, origin, key structural features, and mechanism of infection of SARS-CoV-2; the repurposed drugs in use for the management of COVID-19 and the anti-inflammatory role of spices to combat COVID-19 associated cytokine storm. Key findings The literature search resulted in numerous in vitro , in vivo and clinical trials that have reported the potency of spices to exert anti-inflammatory effects by regulating crucial molecular targets for inflammation. Significance As spices are derived from Mother Nature and are inexpensive, they are relatively safer to consume. Therefore, their anti-inflammatory property can be exploited to combat the cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients. This review thus focuses on the current knowledge on the role of spices for the treatment of COVID-19 through suppression of inflammation-linked cytokine storm.

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“…We found that supplementation of saffron along with diet reduced the severe effect of DSS. A previous study reported slight, although not significant restoration of colon length and percentage of weight loss in the safranal (200 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg)-treated groups of mice, with a significant decrease in the DAI score [ 37 ]. We found that the unfractionated saffron (20 mg/kg) treatment significantly increased the colon length, decreased the DAI, and improved the histopathological characteristics of the colonic mucosa, exhibiting its protective effects during experimental colitis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saffron Pre-Treatment Promotes Reduction in Tissue Inflammatory Profiles and Alters Microbiome Composition in Experimental Colitis Mice

et al. 2021

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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract with an incompletely understood pathogenesis. Long-standing colitis is associated with increased risk of colon cancer. Despite the availability of various anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory drugs, many patients fail to respond to pharmacologic therapy and some experience drug-induced adverse events. Dietary supplements, particularly saffron (Crocus sativus), have recently gained an appreciable attention in alleviating some symptoms of digestive diseases. In our study, we investigated whether saffron may have a prophylactic effect in a murine colitis model. Saffron pre-treatment improved the gross and histopathological characteristics of the colonic mucosa in murine experimental colitis. Treatment with saffron showed a significant amelioration of colitis when compared to the vehicle-treated mice group. Saffron treatment significantly decreased secretion of serotonin and pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, in the colon tissues by suppressing the nuclear translocation of NF-κB. The gut microbiome analysis revealed distinct clusters in the saffron-treated and untreated mice in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis by visualization of the Bray–Curtis diversity by principal coordinates analysis (PCoA). Furthermore, we observed that, at the operational taxonomic unit (OTU) level, Cyanobacteria were depleted, while short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as isobutyric acid, acetic acid, and propionic acid, were increased in saffron-treated mice. Our data suggest that pre-treatment with saffron inhibits DSS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, modulates gut microbiota composition, prevents the depletion of SCFAs, and reduces the susceptibility to colitis.

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Safranal Alleviates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis and Suppresses Macrophage-Mediated Inflammation

Cited by 30 publications

References 45 publications

Safranal Alleviated OVA-Induced Asthma Model and Inhibits Mast Cell Activation

Safranal Alleviated OVA-Induced Asthma Model and Inhibits Mast Cell Activation

COVID-19, cytokines, inflammation, and spices: How are they related?

Saffron Pre-Treatment Promotes Reduction in Tissue Inflammatory Profiles and Alters Microbiome Composition in Experimental Colitis Mice

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