Safranal Alleviated OVA-Induced Asthma Model and Inhibits Mast Cell Activation

Abstract

IntroductionAsthma is a chronic and recurring airway disease, which related to mast cell activation. Many compounds derived from Chinese herbal medicine has promising effects on stabilizing mast cells and decreasing inflammatory mediator production. Safranal, one of the active compounds from Crocus sativus, shows many anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we evaluated the effect of safranal in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma model. Furthermore, we investigate the effectiveness of safranal on stabilizing mast cell and inhibiting the production of inflammatory mediators in passive systemic anaphylaxis (PSA) model.MethodsOVA-induced asthma and PSA model were used to evaluate the effect of safranal in vivo. Lung tissues were collected for H&E, TB, IHC, and PAS staining. ELISA were used to determine level of IgE and chemokines (IL-4, IL-5, TNF-α, and IFN-γ). RNA sequencing was used to uncovers genes that safranal regulate. Bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) were used to investigate the inhibitory effect and mechanism of safranal. Cytokine production (IL-6, TNF-α, and LTC4) and NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathway were assessed.ResultsSafranal reduced the level of serum IgE, the number of mast cells in lung tissue were decreased and Th1/Th2 cytokine levels were normalized in OVA-induced asthma model. Furthermore, safranal inhibited BMMCs degranulation and inhibited the production of LTC4, IL-6, and TNF-α. Safranal inhibits NF-κB and MAPKs pathway protein phosphorylation and decreases NF-κB p65, AP-1 nuclear translocation. In the PSA model, safranal reduced the levels of histamine and LTC4 in serum.ConclusionsSafranal alleviates OVA-induced asthma, inhibits mast cell activation and PSA reaction. The possible mechanism occurs through the inhibition of the MAPKs and NF-κB pathways.

Safranal Treatment Induces Sirt1 Expression and Inhibits Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Mouse Chondrocytes and Alleviates Osteoarthritis Progression in a Mouse Model

“…There are various known therapeutic extracts obtained from saffron, including crocetin, crocin, picrocrocin, and safranal . Safranal, which belongs to the monoterpene aldehyde family, has effects similar to those of saffron, particularly in terms of cardiovascular disease treatment, alleviating asthma, Huntington’s disease treatment, neurodegenerative retinal diseases treatment, and so on. In addition, safranal has been reported in many research works about regulating immune functions; the effect on immune system deserves furtherly studying.…”

Transcriptome-Wide m6A Methylome and m6A-Modified Gene Analysis in Asthma

“…Next, we found that compared with the control group, there were 2,505 significantly upregulated genes and 4,715 significantly downregulated genes in the asthma group. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses showed that most of the potential functions of these genes were related to immunity, such as immunoglobulin complex and immunoglobulin receiver binding, and some pathways were known to play a vital role in asthma such as JAK-STAT ( Pernis and Rothman, 2002 ; Chen et al, 2021 ), NF-κB ( Edwards et al, 2009 ; Lertnimitphun et al, 2021 ), IL-17 ( Silverpil and Linden, 2012 ; Chesne et al, 2014 ) signaling pathways were also enriched. Third, through the combined analysis of transcriptome and differential peak, 14 differentially expressed genes related to RNA methylation modification were screened, which were related to asthma.…”

miR-146a-5p Attenuates Allergic Airway Inflammation by Inhibiting the NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Macrophages

“…miR-146a-5p overexpression downregulated the protein levels of TRAF6 and pNF-κB in BV2 cells exposed to lipopolysaccharide [23]. Safranal alleviated OVA-induced asthma by inhibiting NF-κB pathway protein phosphorylation and decreasing NF-κB p65 [45]. Blockade of NF-κB translocation inhibited allergic asthma in a mouse model [46].…”