Safety studies of a novel starch, pullulan: Chronic toxicity in rats and bacterial mutagenicity

Kimoto, Tetsuo; Shibuya, Tohru; Shiobara, Shoichi

doi:10.1016/s0278-6915(97)00001-x

Cited by 107 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…It has the molecular weight within the range of 5000 -9000000 g/mol with straight unbranched chain and is very flexible molecule having the property of "randomcoil" (depending on sedimentation coefficient and intrinsic viscosity measurement). Pullulan is non-toxic, non-mutagenic, non-carcinogenic, odorless, tasteless, and edible [17,18]. Furthermore, pullulan has a considerable mechanical strength and other functional properties viz.…”

Section: Properties Of Pullulanmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Insight To Pullulan: A Biopolymer in Pharmaceutical Approaches

Kumar

Saini

Pandit

et al. 2012

International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences

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Pullulan is a non-ionic polysaccharide obtained from fermentation of black yeast like Aureobasidium pullulans and is currently exploited in food and pharmaceutical industries due to its unique characteristics. Due to its properties like non-toxic, non-immunogenic, noncarcinogenic, non-mutagenic, pullulan is being explored for various biomedical applications viz., gene delivery, targeted drug therapy, tissue engineering, wound healing, and also being used in diagnostic applications like, perfusion, receptor, and lymph node target specific imaging and vascular compartment imaging. The unique linkage of α (1→4) and α (1→6) in pullulan endows this polymer with distinctive physical traits, including adhesive property and the ability to form fibres. This review article presents an overview of properties, production, derivatives of pullulan, and recent advances of pullulan.

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Section: Properties Of Pullulanmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Insight To Pullulan: A Biopolymer in Pharmaceutical Approaches

Kumar

Saini

Pandit

et al. 2012

International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences

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“…It is a water-soluble, viscous polysaccharide consisting of basic unit of three a-1,4-linked glucose molecules that is repeatedly polymerized by an a-1,6-linkage on the terminal glucose (Nakamura, 1984;Kimoto et al, 1997). Unhydrolyzed (native) pullulan has a molecular weight up to 500 kDa, is resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis by human intestinal enzymes and reaches the colon largely undigested (Nakamura, 1984).…”

Section: Preparation and Measurement Of Pullulan Fragmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of carbohydrate digestibility on appetite and its relationship to postprandial blood glucose and insulin levels

et al. 2010

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Background/Objectives: 'Slowly digestible' carbohydrates have been claimed to reduce appetite through their effects on postprandial glucose and insulin levels, but literature is inconsistent. The inconsistencies between studies might be explained by factors other than glycemic effects per se, for example, nutritional or physical properties. We tested this possibility by examining postprandial glucose, insulin and appetite responses to drinks differing only in rate and extent of digestibility of carbohydrates. This was accomplished by comparing different glucose polymers: maltodextrin (rapidly digestible) versus medium-chain pullulan (slowly but completely digestible) versus long-chain pullulan (indigestible). Subjects/Methods: In a randomized double-blind balanced crossover design, 35 subjects received drinks with 15 g test carbohydrate polymers. Key outcome measures were appetite scores, digestibility (in vitro test and breath hydrogen), and (in a subset) glucose and insulin levels. Results: Digestibility, glucose and insulin data confirmed the rapid, slow and nondigestible nature of the test carbohydrates. Despite its low digestibility, only long-chain pullulan reduced appetite compared with the maltodextrin control, whereas the medium-chain pullulan did not. Conclusions: We conclude that glycemic responses per se have minimal effects on appetite, when tested in products differing in only carbohydrate digestibility rate and extent.

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“…These include resistant dextrin, resistant maltodextrin, polydextrose and pullulan (Wils et al, 2008;Wakabayashi et al, 1992;Flood et al, 2004;Kimoto et al, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The GRAS Notice included published safety data on the other resistant polyglucose substances mentioned in this article and references to their GRAS status (Wils et al, 2008;Wakabayashi et al, 1992;Flood et al, 2004;Kimoto et al, 1997). The GRAS Notice also included unpublished safety data on IMD as supporting data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety assessment of a soluble dietary fiber, isomaltodextrin, enzymatically produced from starch

Sadakiyo

Inoue

Ishida

et al. 2017

Fundam. Toxicol. Sci.

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-A series of safety studies were conducted using isomaltodextrin (IMD), a new dietary fiber that is produced from starch using enzymes. IMD consists of only alpha linkaged glucose molecules, has an average molecular weight of approximately 5,000, is freely soluble in water, and contains greater than 80% fiber (AOAC 2001.03). No genotoxicity was observed when IMD was assayed in standardized bacterial reverse mutation, micronucleus, and chromosome aberration tests. The LD 50 of IMD was found to be more than 2,000 mg/kg in an acute toxicity study in rats, and the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) was determined to be 1,000 mg/kg/day in a 90-day subacute gavage toxicity study in rats. No animals died, and no abnormal findings due to consumption of IMD were observed in either of these studies. Both NOAEL values were the highest doses tested. The NOAEL for loose stools was examined in humans in two separate studies. Based on these results, the NOAEL for IMD-related loose stools was considered to be 0.8 g/kg-BW. In a 4-week high-dose ingestion study in humans and a 12-week low-dose ingestion study in humans, laboratory values were found to be within the normal range of variation. The results of the current safety assessment studies suggest that isomaltodextrin is safe for human consumption.

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Safety studies of a novel starch, pullulan: Chronic toxicity in rats and bacterial mutagenicity

Cited by 107 publications

References 15 publications

An Insight To Pullulan: A Biopolymer in Pharmaceutical Approaches

An Insight To Pullulan: A Biopolymer in Pharmaceutical Approaches

Effect of carbohydrate digestibility on appetite and its relationship to postprandial blood glucose and insulin levels

Safety assessment of a soluble dietary fiber, isomaltodextrin, enzymatically produced from starch

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