Safety philosophy and risk analysis methodology for LNG bunkering simultaneous operations (SIMOPs): A literature review

Fan, Hongjun; Enshaei, Hossein; Jayasinghe, Shantha Gamini

doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2020.105150

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Third, existing research studies propose the potential directions, methods and measures to solve the problems existing in the wide application of alternative marine fuels. Given the economic cost of alternative marine fuels, scholars suggest that simultaneous operations should be used to reduce costs (Fan et al, 2021) and the promotion of alternative marine fuels can be realized through the establishment of marine energy funds (Yang et al, 2019). For GHG emissions, a "technology warming potential" approach (Thomson et al, 2015) and risk assessment framework (Wu et al, 2021a) can be adopted, and the use of dual-fuel engines is proposed as an efficient method (Mestemaker et al, 2020).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of alternative fuels for maritime decarbonization: Special marine environmental risks and solutions from an international law perspective

et al. 2023

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The introduction of several alternative marine fuels is considered an important strategy for maritime decarbonization. These alternative marine fuels include liquefied natural gas (LNG), liquefied biogas (LBG), hydrogen, ammonia, methanol, ethanol, hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO), etc. In some studies, nuclear power and electricity are also included in the scope of alternative fuels for merchant ships. However, the operation of alternative-fuel-powered ships has some special risks, such as fuel spills, vapor dispersion and fuel pool fires. The existing international legal framework does not address these risks sufficiently. This research adopts the method of legal analysis to examine the existing international legal regime for regulating the development of alternative-fuel-powered ships. From a critical perspective, it evaluates and predicts the consequences of these policies together with their shortcomings. Also, this research explores the potential solutions and countermeasures that might be feasible to deal with the special marine environmental risks posed by alternative-fuel-powered ships in the future.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of alternative fuels for maritime decarbonization: Special marine environmental risks and solutions from an international law perspective

et al. 2023

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“…Table 7 presents the selected raw data obtained on the importance of the safety for each SPFI from 137 experts. The FNs of SPFIs are calculated using Equations ( 2), (3), and (5). Table 8 shows the ranking of top nine SPFIs according to the obtained FNs.…”

Section: Data Acquisition and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Particularly, the safety of LNG bunkering is a key issue of concern to the industry, because bunkering operations have a high likelihood of leakage [4]. Therefore, performing quantitative risk assessment (QRA) for LNG bunkering operations is either mandated or highly recommended for understanding and mitigating the potential risks according to the existing regulations and standards [5]. Human error has become the main contributor to the risks in the maritime industry [6,7], where the combination of human and organizational errors during operations leads to about 65% of all catastrophic accidents [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Error Probability Assessment for LNG Bunkering Based on Fuzzy Bayesian Network-CREAM Model

Fan

Enshaei

Jayasinghe

2022

JMSE

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Liquified natural gas (LNG) as a marine fuel has gained momentum as the maritime industry moves towards a sustainable future. Since unwanted LNG release may lead to severe consequences, performing quantitative risk assessment (QRA) for LNG bunkering operations has become mandatory according to some regulations. Human error is a main contributor to the risks, and the human error probabilities (HEPs) are essential for inclusion in a QRA. However, HEPs data are unavailable in the LNG bunkering industry so far. Therefore, this study attempts to infer HEPs through on-site safety philosophical factors (SPFs). The cognitive reliability and error analysis method (CREAM) was adopted as a basic model and modified to make it suitable for HEP assessment in LNG bunkering. Nine common performance condition (CPC) indicators were identified based on the fuzzy ranking of 23 SPF indicators (SPFIs). A Bayesian network (BN) was built to simulate the occurrence probabilities of different contextual control modes (COCOMs), and a conditional probability table (CPT) for the COCOM node with 19,683 possible combinations in the BN was developed according to the CREAM’s COCOM matrix. The prior probabilities of CPCs were evaluated using the fuzzy set theory (FST) based on data acquired from an online questionnaire survey. The results showed that the prior HEP for LNG bunkering is 0.009841. This value can be updated based on the re-evaluation of on-site SPFIs for a specific LNG bunkering project to capture the dynamics of HEP. The main innovation of this work is realizing the efficient quantification of HEP for LNG bunkering operations by using the proposed fuzzy BN-CREAM model.

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“…These last include violence against women and crimes like drunken driving, drug abuse, and gangsterism (Ruddell, 2017). Crimes specifically associated with mining include carjacking, theft of mining equipment and tools, illegal mining, oil theft, and smuggling, and a rise in property crimes and violent crimes (Fan et al, 2021; Gourley & Madonia, 2018; Jones, 2016; Ruddell, 2017; Stewart et al, 2020). However, crime research has some methodological shortcomings, such as lack of long‐term data, single case studies rather than comparative studies, and little innovation (Ruddell, 2017).…”

Section: Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Mine closure, social disruption, and crime in South Africa

Marais

Ndaguba

Mmbadi

et al. 2022

Geographical Journal

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The international literature links mining booms with social disruption. The rapid economic and population growth that mining brings increases urban crime and social problems. But insufficient attention has been paid to the reverse situation: the social disruption that can accompany the closure of a mine. We compare crime statistics for four categories of small city, known in South Africa as “intermediate city municipalities,” from 2009 to 2018. Contrary to the findings of international studies, we find that those where mining was in decline had some of the highest crime rates, particularly in the category of sexual offences, whereas those where mining was growing had the lowest. Our research shows that mine decline and closure can contribute to social disruption. We argue that South African government policy has exacerbated this problem in the context of mine decline and that several dependencies created by mining further contribute to the problem. We challenge the assumption that fast population growth and an increase in the male population are prerequisites for social disruption. Our paper suggests the need for modifications to social disruption theory.

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Safety philosophy and risk analysis methodology for LNG bunkering simultaneous operations (SIMOPs): A literature review

Cited by 17 publications

References 45 publications

The use of alternative fuels for maritime decarbonization: Special marine environmental risks and solutions from an international law perspective

The use of alternative fuels for maritime decarbonization: Special marine environmental risks and solutions from an international law perspective

Human Error Probability Assessment for LNG Bunkering Based on Fuzzy Bayesian Network-CREAM Model

Mine closure, social disruption, and crime in South Africa

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