Safety of testosterone treatment in postmenopausal women

Braunstein, Glenn D.

doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.01.118

Cited by 89 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 183 publications

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“…There does not appear to be an increase in cardiovascular risk through alterations in blood pressure, vascular reactivity, blood viscosity, hemoglobin concentrations, coagulation factors, or insulin sensitivity, with the exception of a lowering of HDL with oral testosterone (73). In addition, there does not appear to be an increased risk of hepatotoxicity.…”

Section: Supplementation Of Testosterone and Dhea-s In Womenmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…A prospective cohort study in the Nurses' Health Study showed that there was an increased relative risk for breast cancer in women using estrogen plus testosterone in comparison with that in women who had never used estrogen plus testosterone and that the risk was significantly greater than the risk of estrogen alone therapy (72). However, most of the available data do not support the concept of increase in the risk of breast cancer by testosterone but rather suggest that there is no effect or that testosterone reduces the risk of breast cancer by antagonizing the effects of estrogen on mammary tissue (73). On the other hand, there is a lack of data on endometrial safety.…”

Section: Supplementation Of Testosterone and Dhea-s In Womenmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Androgen in postmenopausal women

et al. 2012

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Dynamic changes in circulating estradiol level, including increase at menarche and decrease at menopause, occur in a woman's lifetime. Circulating estradiol levels decrease drastically during the menopausal transition, though the levels differ among races. It has been reported that estradiol levels in both Japanese and Chinese women were lower than those in Caucasians, Hispanic and AfricanAmericans (1).Based on data obtained in a previous study (2), we re-analyzed data for 169 healthy men and 252 healthy women aged from 40 to 85 years in the population-based study with addition of data for premenopausal women. Change in circulating estradiol in women from the menopausal transition to postmenopause is characterized as follows : high estradiol level in premenopausal women is drastically decreased and estradiol level in postmenopausal women is significantly lower than that in agematched men. Mean estradiol levels were shown to be 20.1 pg/ml in men and 6.1 pg/ml in postmenopausal women (Figure 1). This dynamic decrease in REVIEW Androgen in postmenopausal women

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Section: Supplementation Of Testosterone and Dhea-s In Womenmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Supplementation Of Testosterone and Dhea-s In Womenmentioning

confidence: 97%

Androgen in postmenopausal women

et al. 2012

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“…Hirsutism and alopecia are frequent, but in most instances reversible side effects of androgen and AASs use in women (63,64,65). Assessment of body hair and hirsutism has to take ethnic dispositions into account.…”

Section: Hirsutism and Alopeciamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…have been described in some detail (68,69,70). In low-dose transdermal testosterone trials, 12/545 postmenopausal women receiving placebo and 15/549 on testosterone reported voice changes (64), emphasising the importance of controlled studies when evaluating subjective parameters.…”

Section: Deepening Of the Voicementioning

confidence: 99%

MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Medical consequences of doping with anabolic androgenic steroids: effects on reproductive functions

Nieschlag

Vorona

2015

European Journal of Endocrinology

190

115

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Anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs) are appearance and performance-enhancing drugs (APEDs) used in competitive athletics, in recreational sports, and by body-builders. The global lifetime prevalence of AASs abuse is 6.4% for males and 1.6% for women. Many AASs, often obtained from the internet and dubious sources, have not undergone proper testing and are consumed at extremely high doses and in irrational combinations, also along with other drugs. Controlled clinical trials investigating undesired side effects are lacking because ethical restrictions prevent exposing volunteers to potentially toxic regimens, obscuring a causal relationship between AASs abuse and possible sequelae. Because of the negative feedback in the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, in men AASs cause reversible suppression of spermatogenesis, testicular atrophy, infertility, and erectile dysfunction (anabolic steroid-induced hypogonadism). Should spermatogenesis not recover after AASs abuse, a pre-existing fertility disorder may have resurfaced. AASs frequently cause gynecomastia and acne. In women, AASs may disrupt ovarian function. Chronic strenuous physical activity leads to menstrual irregularities and, in severe cases, to the female athlete triad (low energy intake, menstrual disorders and low bone mass), making it difficult to disentangle the effects of sports and AASs. Acne, hirsutism and (irreversible) deepening of the voice are further consequences of AASs misuse. There is no evidence that AASs cause breast carcinoma. Detecting AASs misuse through the control network of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) not only aims to guarantee fair conditions for athletes, but also to protect them from medical sequelae of AASs abuse.

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“…Another question that remains to be answered relates to the possibility of cardiovascular risk when testosterone is administered orally 14 , since studies have detected increases in LDL and reductions in HDL cholesterol and greater abdominal fat accumulation (androgenic pattern) promoting an increase in inflammatory cytokines and a reduction in adiponectin.…”

Section: The Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deficiência androgênica na mulher

Fonseca¹,

Scapinelli²,

Aoki³

et al. 2010

Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras.

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The evidence suggest that androgen deficiency in women induces sexual dysfunction as its main clinical manifestation, in particular reduced libido. However, other factors may be involved in the genesis of this disease, such as interpersonal relationships, social stressors, physical inactivity and the partner. The prevalence of sexual problems among women ranges from 9 to 43% and, recently, many studies have reported that androgens are beneficial not only for women's sexual function, but also for mood disorders and vasomotor symptoms. This is why physicians should include androgen deficiency syndrome in their differential diagnosis, even in women with adequate estrogen levels. Our objective was to present the practical aspects of this disease, emphasizing diagnosis and focusing on treatment. This review searched PUBMED for publications from the last 51 years, up to May 2010, including consensus statements and expert opinions and identified 105 articles. We concluded that the androgen deficiency syndrome in women is overlooked in clinical practice. There is no consensus in the literature regarding diagnosis or treatment, including choice of drug, route of administration and time of application.

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Safety of testosterone treatment in postmenopausal women

Cited by 89 publications

References 183 publications

Androgen in postmenopausal women

Androgen in postmenopausal women

MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Medical consequences of doping with anabolic androgenic steroids: effects on reproductive functions

Deficiência androgênica na mulher

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