Safety of Hydrogen Pressure Gauges

Voth, R. O.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-7826-6_19

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Voth [42,43] describe many failures due to material embrittlement in vessels and gauges-Failures have been observed at as little as one-tenth design pressure. These incidents are cited to emphasize the need for material research and development so as to obtain hydrogen compatible, inexpensive materials.…”

Section: Hydrogen Embrittlement Diffusion and Permeationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The augmented effort will' be applied to marine system conceptualizations and feasibility studies of power generation from ocean temperature differences where the boiler and condenser temperatures are about [75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85] degrees F (tropical surface waters) and [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45] degrees F (bottom waters below 2000 feet), respectively. All components of a system will be conceptualized and evaluated including hulls, heat exchangers, pumps, pipes, electrolysis of water to hydrogen fuel, etc., for a 100-400 MW central power stations moored in the Gulf Stream.…”

Section: Titlementioning

confidence: 99%

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Selected topics on hydrogen fuel

Parrish¹,

Voth²,

Hust³

et al. 1975

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The feasibility of using hydrogen as a fuel will be determined by the availability and cost of hydrogen.This chapter considers techniques and costs of producing gaseous hydrogen along with costs of producing liquid, slush and solid hydrogen. It also examines the potential by-products that could lower the overall cost of using hydrogen.Fossil fuels and water are the two sources of hydrogen. Today most industrial hydrogen is derived from hydrocarbons (mainly natural gas) and costs 10 to 15c/kg to produce. When natural gas costs more than approximately 80c/MBTU, coal becomes a competitive source Vith production costs of 20 to 25c/kg. MBTU = BTU x 10 throughout this chapter.As the fossil fuels are depleted, water will become the principal source of hydrogen.The two most promising means of producing hydrogen from water are electrolysis and thermochemical decomposition. Although electrolysis is an existing technology, it is not cost competitive with other existing processes unless electrical power costs less than 5 mills/ kW-h-exceptions occur in those cases where ultra-high purity and/or small quantities of hydrogen are required. Thermochemical decomposition uses a combination of heat and chemicals to decompose water; the process requires several intermediate steps involving chemical reactions and separations.1.3 COST TO MAKE LIQUID, SLUSH, AND SOLID HYDROGEN FROM GASEOUS HYDROGEN Producing liquid, slush, and solid hydrogen from gaseous hydrogen requires capital investment, energy expense, and operating expense for the liquefier and/or refrigerator.An estimate of these costs can be obtained using information from a survey and correlation of current refrigerator/liquef ier capital costs and energy requirements by Strobridge [15].Liquefaction costs presented herein include the cost of gas purification; however, we are unable to supply a breakdown of purifying costs, as these are proprietary industrial data.

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Section: Hydrogen Embrittlement Diffusion and Permeationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Titlementioning

confidence: 99%

Selected topics on hydrogen fuel

Parrish¹,

Voth²,

Hust³

et al. 1975

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Hydrogen safety: an annotated bibliography of regulations, standards and guidelines

Hord

1980

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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Compatibility of Materials with Cryogens

Moulder¹,

Hust²

1983

Materials at Low Temperatures

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This chapter discusses the compatibility problems that arise from chemical or physical interactions between liquefied gases and the common materials used in their production, storage, transportation, distribution, and use. The discussion covers the compatibility of materials with liquid oxygen and liquid fluorine. Hydrogen-environment embrittlement is unique to low-temperature hydrogen systems and is also discussed.

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Safety of Hydrogen Pressure Gauges

Cited by 3 publications

References 1 publication

Selected topics on hydrogen fuel

Selected topics on hydrogen fuel

Hydrogen safety: an annotated bibliography of regulations, standards and guidelines

Compatibility of Materials with Cryogens

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