Safety issues associated with commercially available energy drinks

Clauson, Kevin A.; Shields, Kelly M.; McQueen, Cydney E.; Persad, Nikki

doi:10.1331/japha.2008.07055

Cited by 224 publications

(246 citation statements)

References 31 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

234

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…6,8 In 2008, the National Federation of State High School Associations, while recommending water and sports drinks for rehydration, specifically did not recommend energy drinks and cited potential risks, the absence of benefit, and drug interactions (Table 4). 36,37 Caffeine is the main active ingredient in energy drinks; many of them contain 70 to 80 mg per 8-oz serving (ϳ3 times the concentration in cola drinks) (Table 5).…”

Section: Discussion What Are Energy Drinks?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Effects of Energy Drinks on Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

"poison control center" to identify articles related to energy drinks. Manufacturer Web sites were reviewed for product information. RESULTS:According to self-report surveys, energy drinks are consumed by 30% to 50% of adolescents and young adults. Frequently containing high and unregulated amounts of caffeine, these drinks have been reported in association with serious adverse effects, especially in children, adolescents, and young adults with seizures, diabetes, cardiac abnormalities, or mood and behavioral disorders or those who take certain medications. Of the 5448 US caffeine overdoses reported in 2007, 46% occurred in those younger than 19 years. Several countries and states have debated or restricted energy drink sales and advertising. CONCLUSIONS:Energy drinks have no therapeutic benefit, and many ingredients are understudied and not regulated. The known and unknown pharmacology of agents included in such drinks, combined with reports of toxicity, raises concern for potentially serious adverse effects in association with energy drink use. In the short-term, pediatricians need to be aware of the possible effects of energy drinks in vulnerable populations and screen for consumption to educate families. Long-term research should aim to understand the effects in at-risk populations. Toxicity surveillance should be improved, and regulations of energy drink sales and consumption should be based on appropriate research.

show abstract

Section: Discussion What Are Energy Drinks?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Effects of Energy Drinks on Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…6 A growing body of scientific evidence documents the risk of serious adverse effects among individuals who consume highly caffeinated energy drinks, either alone or in combination with alcohol. 7,8 According to the United States Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, emergency department visits involving energy drinks have doubled in number from 2007 to 2011 (10,068 to 20,783); about 13 percent of these visits involved energy drinks and alcohol. 7 In response to serious concerns raised by scientists, law enforcement officials, and public health advocates in 2010, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) determined that the addition of caffeine to manufactured alcoholic beverages is not generally recognized as safe.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caffeinated Alcohol, Sensation Seeking, and Injury Risk

O’Brien

McCoy

Egan

et al. 2013

Journal of Caffeine Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…28 For example, results of a cross-sectional study among 253 undergraduate students showed that 40% drank sports drinks and 20% drank energy drinks during the previous 30 days. 27 Because of the numerous adverse health effects associated with consumption of sports and energy drinks, such as dental caries, 11 seizures, 20,22 and cardiac arrest, 21 the increased consumption of sports and energy drinks in the United States has become a public health concern. This study estimated the prevalence …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics Associated with Consumption of Sports and Energy Drinks among US Adults: National Health Interview Survey, 2010

Park

Onufrak²,

Blanck³

et al. 2013

Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sales of sports and energy drinks have increased dramatically, but there is limited information on regular consumers of sports and energy drinks. Characteristics associated with sports and energy drink intake were examined among a sample representing the civilian noninstitutionalized US adult population. The 2010 National Health Interview Survey data for 25,492 adults (18 years of age or older; 48% males) were used. Nationwide, 31.3% of adults were sports and energy drink consumers during the past 7 days, with 21.5% consuming sports and energy drinks one or more times per week and 11.5% consuming sports and energy drinks three or more times per week. Based on multivariable logistic regression, younger adults, males, non-Hispanic blacks and Hispanics, not-married individuals, adults with higher family income, those who lived in the South or West, adults who engaged in leisure-time physical activity, current smokers, and individuals whose satisfaction with their social activities/relationships was excellent had significantly higher odds for drinking sports and energy drinks one or more times per week. In this model, the factor most strongly associated with weekly sports and energy drink consumption was age (odds ratio [OR]=10.70 for 18-to 24-year-olds, OR=6.40 for 25-to 39-year-olds, OR=3.17 for 40-to 59-year-olds vs 60 years or older). Lower odds for consuming sports and energy drinks one or more times per week were associated with other/multiracial (OR=0.80 vs non-Hispanic white) and obesity (OR=0.87 vs underweight/normal weight). Separate modeling of the association between other beverage intake and sports and energy drink intake showed that higher intake of regular soda, sweetened coffee/tea drinks, fruit drinks, milk, 100% fruit juice, and alcohol were significantly associated with greater odds for drinking sports and energy drinks one or more times per week. These findings can help medical care providers and public health officials identify adults most in need of encouragement to reduce sports and energy drink intake and increase healthier beverage intake.Address correspondence to: Sohyun Park, PhD, Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, Mailstop K26, NE, Atlanta, GA 30341. spark3@cdc.gov. STATEMENT OF POTENTIAL CONFLICT OF INTERESTNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors. 14,15,18 and are marketed as a means of improving athletic performance by replacing electrolytes and fluid lost in sweat during and after intense physical activity. 15,18 In contrast to sports drinks, energy drinks typically contain stimulants (eg, caffeine and guarana) and amino acids (eg, taurine), as well as added sugars and often vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients. 14,15,19 Energy drinks are marketed as a means of boosting energy, decreasing feelings of tiredness, and enhancing mental alertness. 15,19 Some cans of energy drinks contain >500 mg of caffein...

show abstract

Safety issues associated with commercially available energy drinks

Cited by 224 publications

References 31 publications

Health Effects of Energy Drinks on Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults

Health Effects of Energy Drinks on Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults

Caffeinated Alcohol, Sensation Seeking, and Injury Risk

Characteristics Associated with Consumption of Sports and Energy Drinks among US Adults: National Health Interview Survey, 2010

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About