Safety evaluation of benzophenone-3 after dermal administration in rats

Okereke, Chukwuemeka S.; Barat, Stephen; Abdel‐Rahman, Mohamed S.

doi:10.1016/0378-4274(95)03334-h

Cited by 54 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Although the acute and subchronic systemic toxicity of these BP compounds after dermal application is considered to be rather low (Burdock et al, 1991;Dutta et al, 1993;Okereke et al, 1995), problems have been reported with photoallergic reactions in patients (Schauder and Ippen., 1997) and cytotoxic effects (Matsumoto et al, 2003). However, the potential ecological toxicity of BP-type UV filters that remain in the environment is of concern.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substituent contribution to the genotoxicity of benzophenone-type UV filters

Zhao

Wei

et al. 2013

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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a b s t r a c tBenzophenones (BPs) are widely used in UV filters, fragrance enhancers, and plastic additives. In this study, the genotoxicity of 14 BPs was tested using the SOS/umu assay, and the related substituent contribution was disclosed. The results of this study revealed that the major contributor to the genotoxicity of the BPs was the ortho,para-di-substitution, and the increasing hydroxy substitution on the benzene ring. In addition, the higher the dispersion of the substituent species on the two benzene rings, the lower the genotoxicity exhibited by the compound. Furthermore, 2 dimensional and 3 dimenional quantitative structure-activity relationships (2D-and 3D-QSAR) studies indicated that hydrogen-bond interactions and electrostatic effects were determinants for the genotoxicity of the BPs. The current results provide useful information for the assessment of the potential ecological risk and health effects of BP-type UV filters.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substituent contribution to the genotoxicity of benzophenone-type UV filters

Zhao

Wei

et al. 2013

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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“…Acute and subchronic systemic toxicity of these compounds is considered to be rather low (7,14,15), although some problems have arisen with photoallergic reactions (16). No values of acceptable daily intake or maximal tolerated intake of UV screens have been defined.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro and in Vivo Estrogenicity of UV Screens

Schlumpf¹,

Cotton²,

Conscience³

et al. 2001

Environmental Health Perspectives

134

189

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“…It has been shown recently that 0.5% of the total amount of BZ-3, which was applied topically onto the skin, could be detected in the urine of human volunteers for up to 48 h [4] . In experiments with rats, BZ-3 has been detected in the liver, kidneys, spleen, heart, muscle and testes [5] . Sunscreens, including BZ-3, have also been found in human breast milk [6] .…”

Section: Organic Sunscreensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sunscreens – Which and What for?

Maier

Körting²

2005

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

123

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micronization and encapsulation allow the development of high-quality inorganic sunscreens. The potential systemic toxicity of organic sunscreens has lately primarily been discussed controversially in public, and several studies show contradictory results. Although a matter of debate, at present the sun protection factor (SPF) is the most reliable information for the consumer as a measure of sunscreen fi lter effi cacy. In this context additional tests have been introduced for the evaluation of not only the protective effect against erythema but also protection against UV-induced immunological and mutational effects. Recently, combinations of UV fi lters with agents active in DNA repair have been introduced in order to improve photoprotection. This article reviews the efficacy of sunscreens in the prevention of epithelial and nonepithelial skin cancer, the effect on immunosuppression and the value of the SPF as well as new developments on the sunscreen market.

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Safety evaluation of benzophenone-3 after dermal administration in rats

Cited by 54 publications

References 13 publications

Substituent contribution to the genotoxicity of benzophenone-type UV filters

Substituent contribution to the genotoxicity of benzophenone-type UV filters

In Vitro and in Vivo Estrogenicity of UV Screens

Sunscreens – Which and What for?

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