Sunscreens – Which and What for?

Abstract

micronization and encapsulation allow the development of high-quality inorganic sunscreens. The potential systemic toxicity of organic sunscreens has lately primarily been discussed controversially in public, and several studies show contradictory results. Although a matter of debate, at present the sun protection factor (SPF) is the most reliable information for the consumer as a measure of sunscreen fi lter effi cacy. In this context additional tests have been introduced for the evaluation of not only the protective effect against erythema but also protection against UV-induced immunological and mutational effects. Recently, combinations of UV fi lters with agents active in DNA repair have been introduced in order to improve photoprotection. This article reviews the efficacy of sunscreens in the prevention of epithelial and nonepithelial skin cancer, the effect on immunosuppression and the value of the SPF as well as new developments on the sunscreen market.

Comportamento relativo à exposição e proteção solar na população de 15 anos ou mais de 15 capitais brasileiras e Distrito Federal, 2002-2003

“…O efeito aparentemente protetor na redução de ceratoses não encontra consenso quando se estuda o seu efeito no câncer de pele melanoma. Apesar dessa controvérsia, protetores solares de amplo espectro, tais como os inorgânicos, são recomendados na prevenção de todas as neoplasias da pele, incluindo o melanoma 12,13 . Outras formas de proteção recomendadas e que aparecem nos estudos sobre o tema são o uso de chapéus e o hábito de buscar a sombra quando no deslocamento ou permanência em áreas ensolaradas.…”

Influence of particle size on appearance and in vitro efficacy of sunscreens

“…In this respect, the SPF measuring erythema induction is a factor that measures mainly the UVB protection of a sunscreen formulation (Maier, Korting, 2005).…”

“…In this respect sunscreens have proved their importance and justified popularity within the last decades. Currently, there is a trend for broad-spectrum sunscreens, high sun protection factor (SPF) and concentration reduction of UV filters (Maier, Korting, 2005).…”

Comparison of sunscreens Containing Titanium Dioxide Alone Or In Association With Cocoa, Murumuru Or Cupuaçu Butters

“…These effects can lead to increased cytokines and inflammatory mediators, photosensitivity reactions, and, long-term, skin cancer (6). UV radiation can be divided into UVA (320 to 400 nm), UVB (290 to 320 nm) and UVC (100 to 290nm) (5,7). The UVC radiation is the most energetic, but it is blocked by the Earth's ozone layer.…”

“…Estes efeitos podem gerar aumento de citocinas e mediadores inflamatórios, reações de fotossensibilidade e, em longo prazo, câncer de pele (6). Pode-se dividir a radiação UV em UVA (320 a 400 nm), UVB (290 a 320 nm) e UVC (100 a 290nm) (5,7). A radiação UVC é a mais energética, porém é bloqueada pela camada de ozônio.…”