Safety evaluation of amylomaltase from Thermus aquaticus

Tafazoli, Shahrzad; Wong, Aol; Akiyama, Tsunehisa; Kajiura, Hideki; Tomioka, Eisuke; Kojima, Iwao; Takata, Hideaki; Kuriki, Takashi

doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2009.12.009

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In light of the possible applications in the food industry, extreme amylomaltases were also produced using GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) organisms, such as B. subtilis and Saccharomyces , as in the cases of enzymes from T. aquaticus [ 41 ], T. thermophilus [ 24 ] and T. filiformis [ 22 ].…”

Section: Activity and Applications Of Extreme Amylomaltasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By using COS-7 cells, a greater transfection efficiency of the CA-spermine-DNA complex than the complex prepared without the amine was demonstrated [42]. More recently, CA cationic nanometersized gels (nanogels) consisting of CAs modified with cholesterol and diethylaminoethane were used to produce complexes with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides; these complexes were found effective in inducing cytokine production after delivery to macrophage-like cells [41]. A similar cholesterol-spermine based CA nanogel complex was also used to deliver the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-specific short interfering RNA into tumor cells, resulting effectively in the suppression of neovascularization and growth of renal cell carcinomas in mice [43].…”

Section: Synthesis Of Cas For Applicative Purposesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Amylomaltases in Extremophilic Microorganisms

et al. 2021

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Amylomaltases (4-α-glucanotransferases, E.C. 2.4.1.25) are enzymes which can perform a double-step catalytic process, resulting in a transglycosylation reaction. They hydrolyse glucosidic bonds of α-1,4′-D-glucans and transfer the glucan portion with the newly available anomeric carbon to the 4′-position of an α-1,4′-d-glucan acceptor. The intramolecular reaction produces a cyclic α-1,4′-glucan. Amylomaltases can be found only in prokaryotes, where they are involved in glycogen degradation and maltose metabolism. These enzymes are being studied for possible biotechnological applications, such as the production of (i) sugar substitutes; (ii) cycloamyloses (molecules larger than cyclodextrins), which could potentially be useful as carriers and encapsulating agents for hydrophobic molecules and also as effective protein chaperons; and (iii) thermoreversible starch gels, which could be used as non-animal gelatin substitutes. Extremophilic prokaryotes have been investigated for the identification of amylomaltases to be used in the starch modifying processes, which require high temperatures or extreme conditions. The aim of this article is to present an updated overview of studies on amylomaltases from extremophilic Bacteria and Archaea, including data about their distribution, activity, potential industrial application and structure.

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Section: Activity and Applications Of Extreme Amylomaltasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Synthesis Of Cas For Applicative Purposesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amylomaltases in Extremophilic Microorganisms

et al. 2021

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“…It catalyzes the transfer of units between a -1,4-glucans or from one a -1,4-glucan to glucose. The enzyme has been found to occur in microorganisms, for example, Clostridium butyricum and E. coli (Goda et al 1997 ;Tafazoli et al 2010 ) , and in plants, for example, potato (Sträter et al 2002 ) and barley (Yoshio et al 1986 ) . The enzyme acts on both malto-oligosaccharides and amylose to form medium to highly polymerized water-soluble cycloamyloses (Takaha et al 1996 ;Terada et al 1997 ) with potential for use in the food, pharmaceutical, and fi ne chemical industries.…”

Section: Transferasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzyme-assisted food processing

Simpson

Rui

Xiu-jie³

2011

Food Engineering Series

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“…CA produced by 4αGTase is regarded as enzymatically modified starch without known toxicity since it is composed of simple glucose polymer (Toita et al, 2010). Tafazoli et al (2010) reported that in a 13-week subchronic toxicity study in rats, oral administration of 4αGTase did not produce compoundrelated clinical signs or toxicity, supporting the safety of 4αGTase in food production. In fact, there exists 4αGTasemodified starch under the trade name of Etenia ™ as a food material on the market (Euverink & Binnema, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility and characterization of the cycloamylose production from high amylose corn starch

2018

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Background and objectives: Cycloamylose (CA), a promising encapsulating agent, was efficiently produced from high amylose corn starch (HACS, HYLON ® VII) by sequentially combined enzyme treatment of isoamylase and Thermus aquaticus 4-α-glucanotransferase (TAαGT). The CA production performance of HACS was compared with that of rice starch (RS), especially from the viewpoint of differences in their molecular characteristics. Findings: The maximum conversion yield of CA from HACS reached 76.35%, which was 2.4 times higher than that of RS (31.36%). The degree of polymerization (DP) of CA produced from HACS ranged from 7 to 41, where a major portion lied in DP 23-41, with DP 26 showing the highest yield. In contrast, CA produced from RS showed a relatively larger amount of smaller cyclic glucans (DP 6-16). Conclusions: The significantly high production yield and DP profile of CA were attributed to high apparent amylose content and long average amylopectin branch chain length of HACS compared to those RS. Significance and novelty: This study can provide a better understanding of CA production depending on starch molecular characteristics and attract industrial consideration in utilizing HACS for CA production. K E Y W O R D S4-α-glucanotransferase, cycloamylose, high amylose corn starch, rice starch

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Safety evaluation of amylomaltase from Thermus aquaticus

Cited by 11 publications

References 19 publications

Amylomaltases in Extremophilic Microorganisms

Amylomaltases in Extremophilic Microorganisms

Enzyme-assisted food processing

Feasibility and characterization of the cycloamylose production from high amylose corn starch

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