Feasibility and characterization of the cycloamylose production from high amylose corn starch

Abstract

Background and objectives: Cycloamylose (CA), a promising encapsulating agent, was efficiently produced from high amylose corn starch (HACS, HYLON ® VII) by sequentially combined enzyme treatment of isoamylase and Thermus aquaticus 4-α-glucanotransferase (TAαGT). The CA production performance of HACS was compared with that of rice starch (RS), especially from the viewpoint of differences in their molecular characteristics. Findings: The maximum conversion yield of CA from HACS reached 76.35%, which was 2.4 times higher than that of RS (31.36%). The degree of polymerization (DP) of CA produced from HACS ranged from 7 to 41, where a major portion lied in DP 23-41, with DP 26 showing the highest yield. In contrast, CA produced from RS showed a relatively larger amount of smaller cyclic glucans (DP 6-16). Conclusions: The significantly high production yield and DP profile of CA were attributed to high apparent amylose content and long average amylopectin branch chain length of HACS compared to those RS. Significance and novelty: This study can provide a better understanding of CA production depending on starch molecular characteristics and attract industrial consideration in utilizing HACS for CA production. K E Y W O R D S4-α-glucanotransferase, cycloamylose, high amylose corn starch, rice starch

Structural factors governing starch digestion and glycemic responses and how they can be modified by enzymatic approaches: A review and a guide

“…It forms cycloamyloses with DPs around 8 and even up to 32 with longer incubation times (Boonna et al, 2019). Sequential modification of rice and high-AM maize starches with isoamylase and 4-α-glucanotransferase from Thermus aquaticus leads to cycloamylose with DPs in a 6-41 range (Park et al, 2018). Higher cycloamylose yields and average DPs are obtained with high-AM maize starch than with normal rice starch (Park et al, 2018).…”

“…Sequential modification of rice and high-AM maize starches with isoamylase and 4-α-glucanotransferase from Thermus aquaticus leads to cycloamylose with DPs in a 6-41 range (Park et al, 2018). Higher cycloamylose yields and average DPs are obtained with high-AM maize starch than with normal rice starch (Park et al, 2018). Linear substrates such as AM or chains released from AP and AM by debranching pretreatment with isoamylase are preferred substrates for producing cycloamyloses (Xu et al, 2014).…”

Production of Large-Ring Cyclodextrins by Amylomaltases

“…A recent example was shown by Suksiri and co-workers where starch pretreatment using novel glycogen debranching enzyme from C. glutamicum (CgGDE) reduced the LR-CD production time by Tf AM to only 3 h and increase the LR-CD conversion yield up to 2-fold [69]. The same approach was demonstrated on pretreatment of different substrates such as amylomaize [70], pea starch [66], sweet potato starch [71] and high amylose corn starch [72] using commercial isoamylase, and an increase in LR-CD yield was obtained.…”

Characteristics, Protein Engineering, Heterologous Production, and Industrial Applications of Microbial Isoamylases

“…[30,82] In combination with 4-𝛼-glucanotransferase, isoamylase from Pseudomonas sp. increases the production efficiency of the promising encapsulating agent cycloamylose from amylomaize, [83] sweet potato starch, [84] and high amylase corn starch, [85] with a maximum yield of 47.45%, 48.56%, and 76.35%, respectively. Pretreatment of various starches by this isoamylase also helps increase amylose content in starches and possibly improves the yield of large-ring CDs produced by amylomaltase.…”