Safety assessment of methanol extract of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus): Acute and subchronic toxicity studies

Hor, Sook Yee; Ahmad, Mariam; Farsi, Elham; Yam, Mun Fei; Hashim, Mohd Akmal; Lim, Chung Pin; Sadikun, Amirin; Asmawi, Mohd Zaini

doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2012.03.006

Cited by 59 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The creatinine level significantly increased at 25 and 50 mg/kg in male rats compared to the controls, and thus showed negative impacts on the kidney. Serum urea increases as a result of toxic effects on renal tubules, renal parenchyma, decrease of cardiac output, and urinary tract obstruction (21). In the present study, serum urea was observed to increase with increasing dose in female and male rats.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

“…The kidney is normally able to filter out large amounts of creatinine. Hence, high blood creatinine is a reliable indicator of a negative impact on kidney function or impaired glomerular filtration (21). The creatinine level significantly increased at 25 and 50 mg/kg in male rats compared to the controls, and thus showed negative impacts on the kidney.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Safety Assessment of Osthole Isolated from Prangos ferulacea: Acute and Subchronic Toxicities and Modulation of Cytochrome P450

Shokoohinia

Bazargan

Miraghaee

et al. 2017

Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod

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Background: Osthole (7-methoxy-8-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one), a natural coumarin derivative, has exhibited various pharmacological properties. In addition, the possibility of its development as a promising lead compound for drug discovery has been proposed. However, there is little toxicological information regarding safety of repeated exposure to this coumarin. Objective: The present study evaluated the potential toxicity of osthole after acute and subchronic administration in rodents. In addition, we investigated the effect of osthole on different hepatic CYP gene expressions in male rats receiving the highest dose of osthole. Methods: In the acute toxicity study, single doses of osthole (100, 500, and 1000 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally to mice and the mice were then monitored for 14 days. In the subchronic toxicity study, osthole was administered orally to rats at doses of 5, 25, and 50 mg/kg/day for 45 days. Results:The results of acute study indicated that LD50 of osthole is about 710 mg/kg. There was no significant difference in body weight, relative organ weight, and hematological parameters in the subchronic toxicity study. Biochemical analysis showed some significant changes including in creatinine, potassium, glucose, albumin, and urea levels. The results of histopathological studies showed that all the removed organs, specially kidney, were affected by subchronic exposure to osthole. The change in the kidney included peritubular capillary congestion, hemorrhage in renal parenchyma, mild tubular dilatation, and mild interstitial infiltration of inflammatory cells. Furthermore, osthole treatment caused an induction in CYP1A2, CYP2E1, and CYP2C11. Conclusions: Finally, concerning the common classification of relative toxicity of chemicals, acute toxicity results suggested that osthole is a moderately toxic substance when administered i.p. The obtained data from subchronic study supported the evidence of renal function impairment by osthole. The no-observed adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of the extract for both male and female rats is considered less than 5 mg/kg.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety Assessment of Osthole Isolated from Prangos ferulacea: Acute and Subchronic Toxicities and Modulation of Cytochrome P450

Shokoohinia

Bazargan

Miraghaee

et al. 2017

Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod

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“…ALT, AST and ALP) is important as it helps to detect chronic liver diseases and reflect the status of liver injury (Hor et al, 2012;Gad et al, 2013). Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) is a cytoplasmic enzyme that is found at a very high concentration in the liver, and an increase of this enzyme level suggests hepatocellular damage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An upsurge in the blood creatinine level is associated with negative impact on kidney function or impaired glomerular filtration (Hor et al, 2012;Gad et al, 2013). Likewise, a hike in blood serum urea signal a toxic effect on the renal tubules, renal parenchyma, cardiac injury and blockage of the urinary outflow track by crystalluria, calculi or other obstructions (Evan, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute and sub-chronic oral toxicity studies of methanol extract of <i>Clinacanthus nutans</i> in mice

Zakaria¹,

Rahim²,

Mohtarrudin³

et al. 2016

Afr. J. Trad. Compl. Alt. Med.

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Background: Clinacanthus nutans (C. nutans) Lindau (family Acanthaceae) is a shrub widely cultivated in the South East Asia region, including Malaysia. It has been traditionally used for treatment of various ailments including pain-mediated diseases. Various pharmacological activities of C. nutans have been reported except for its pain-relieving activity. This study was performed to evaluate the acute and sub-chronic oral toxicity of the methanol extract of Clinacanthus nutans (MECN) in male and female mice. Methods: In the acute toxicity study, a single dose of 5000 mg kg -1 of body weight MECN was administered orally, and was monitored for 14 consecutive days. In the sub-chronic toxicity study, the MECN was administered orally at doses of 50, 500, and 2500 mg kg -1 day

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“…According to Hor et al (2012), there is little information on toxicity studies related to the safe exposure of pitaya fruit. In this context, the potential toxicity of the methanolic extract from this fruit was assessed by acute and subchronic administration in rats.…”

Section: Toxicity Of Pitayamentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional pharmacological and toxicological characteristics of pitaya (Hylocereus undatus): A review of the literature

Jeronimo¹,

Orsine²,

Novaes³

2017

Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol.

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Studies on the cacti of the genera, Hylocereus Tropical and Subtropical America are scarce. Cultivation and consumption of different species and varieties of pitaya (Hylocereus undatus) may represent a source of diversified agricultural activity since these species contain rich bioactive compounds that add a rustic beauty to the cultivation of the fruit in addition to the benefits they bring to the health of the population. The functional attributes assigned to this fruit, prompt the need to study its physical, chemical, nutritional, pharmacological and toxicological characteristics. The objective of this study was to review the literature on the pitaya, investigating the relationship between post-harvest production, technological and pharmaceutical applications, in addition to nutritional properties, and the chemical components that are beneficial and toxic to health. Hence, a literature search at the PubMed and SciELO Medicine® sites, with descriptors "Hylocereus" and "pitaya" was held. Recent studies on the bioactive compounds in pulp and peel, antioxidant activity and the relationship between use and health were mainly selected, based on in vivo studies. Based on the articles studied, observation showed that the intake of bioactive compounds present in pitaya boosts immunity in individuals, thus inducing better health and improving physical and mental performance. However, additional research is necessary to obtain consistent and reliable data to explore unrestricted use by the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry.

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Safety assessment of methanol extract of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus): Acute and subchronic toxicity studies

Cited by 59 publications

References 26 publications

Safety Assessment of Osthole Isolated from Prangos ferulacea: Acute and Subchronic Toxicities and Modulation of Cytochrome P450

Safety Assessment of Osthole Isolated from Prangos ferulacea: Acute and Subchronic Toxicities and Modulation of Cytochrome P450

Acute and sub-chronic oral toxicity studies of methanol extract of <i>Clinacanthus nutans</i> in mice

Nutritional pharmacological and toxicological characteristics of pitaya (Hylocereus undatus): A review of the literature

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