Safety and Immunogenicity of the ChAdox1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) Vaccine Against SARS-CoV-2 in HIV Infection

Frater, John; Ewer, Katie; Ogbe, Ane; Pace, Matthew; Adele, Sandra; Adland, Emily; Alagaratnam, Jasmini; Pk, Aley; M, Ali; Ma, Ansari; Bara, Anna; Bittaye, Mustapha; Broadhead, S; Brown, Andrew; Brown, Helen; Cappuccini, Federica; Cooney, Enya; Dejnirattisai, Wanwisa; Dold, Christina; Fairhead, Cassandra; H, Fok; Folegatti, Pedro M.; Fowler, Jamie; Gibbs, Clarence J.; Al, Goodman; Jenkin, Daniel; Jones, Mathew; Marchevsky, Natalie; Yf, Mujadidi; Nguyen, Hoang H.; Parolini, Lucia; Petersen, Claire; Plested, Emma; Pollock, Katrina M; Ramasamy, Maheshi; Rhead, Sarah; Robinson, Hannah; Robinson, Nicola; Rongkard, Patpong; Ryan, Feargal J.; Serrano, Sergio E.; Stockmann, H; Tipoe, Timothy; Voysey, Merryn; Waters, Anele; Zacharopoulou, Panagiota; Barnes, Eleanor; Dunachie, Susanna; Goulder, Philip; Klenerman, Paul; Screaton, Gavin; Winston, Alan; Avs., Hill; Sc, Gilbert; Pollard, Andrew J.; Fidler, Sarah; Fox, J.; Lambe, Teresa

doi:10.2139/ssrn.3829931

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…With regard to vector vaccines in our study, similar effects were seen as for mRNA vaccines, with lower antibody concentrations in PLWH compared to controls. This differs from previously published results on ChAdOx1-S where no differences were seen between PLWH and HIV-negative participants [14,15].…”

Section: Reactogenicitycontrasting

confidence: 99%

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Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in people living with HIV: a nationwide prospective cohort study in the Netherlands

Hensley

Jongkees

GeurtsvanKessel

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background Vaccines can be less immunogenic in people living with HIV (PLWH), but for SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations this is unknown. Methods and Findings A prospective cohort study to examine the immunogenicity of BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, ChAdOx1-S and Ad26.COV2.S vaccines in adult PLWH, without prior COVID-19, compared to HIV-negative controls. The primary endpoint was the anti-spike SARS-CoV-2 IgG response after mRNA vaccination. Secondary endpoints included the serological response after vector vaccination, anti-SARS-CoV-2 T-cell response and reactogenicity. Between February-September 2021, 1154 PLWH (median age 53 [IQR 44-60], 86% male) and 440 controls (median age 43 [IQR 33-53], 29% male) were included. 884 PLWH received BNT162b2, 100 mRNA-1273, 150 ChAdOx1-S, and 20 Ad26.COV2.S. 99% were on antiretroviral therapy, 98% virally suppressed, and the median CD4+T-cell count was 710 cells/µL [IQR 520-913]. 247 controls received mRNA-1273, 94 BNT162b2, 26 ChAdOx1-S and 73 Ad26.COV2.S. After mRNA vaccination, geometric mean concentration was 1418 BAU/mL in PLWH (95%CI 1322-1523), and after adjustment for age, sex, and vaccine type, HIV-status remained associated with a decreased response (0.607, 95%CI 0.508-0.725). In PLWH vaccinated with mRNA-based vaccines, higher antibody responses were predicted by CD4+T-cell counts 250-500 cells/µL (2.845, 95%CI 1.876-4.314) or >500 cells/µL (2.936, 95%CI 1.961-4.394), whilst a viral load >50 copies/mL was associated with a reduced response (0.454, 95%CI 0.286-0.720). Increased IFN-γ, CD4+, and CD8+T-cell responses were observed after stimulation with SARS-CoV-2 spike peptides in ELISpot and activation induced marker assays, comparable to controls. Reactogenicity was generally mild without vaccine-related SAE. Conclusion After vaccination with BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273, anti-spike SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels were reduced in PLWH. To reach and maintain the same serological responses and vaccine efficacy as HIV-negative controls, additional vaccinations are probably required.

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Section: Reactogenicitycontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Small studies using the ChAdOx1-S vaccine in the UK and South Africa in relatively young PLWH with high CD4+ T-cell counts gave comparable responses to controls [14,15]. As for BNT162b2, similar results were shown in a limited number of PLWH [16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in people living with HIV: a nationwide prospective cohort study in the Netherlands

Hensley

Jongkees

GeurtsvanKessel

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…Data on anti-SARS-CoV-2 immune responses efficiency in PLWH are controversial. While some studies indicate similar humoral and cellular immune responses to those developed in HIV-negative subjects [11][12][13][14][15], others suggest a decreased immune response efficiency in PLWH [16][17][18]. Severe immunosuppression decreases the ability to mount specific immune responses, both after infection and vaccination [5,19], and more severe breakthrough infections were diagnosed in PLWH even during the early COVID-19 waves [7,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses in HIV-Positive Patients

Ruta,

Popescu,

Matei

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Immunosuppressed individuals, such as people living with HIV (PLWH), remain vulnerable to severe COVID-19. We analyzed the persistence of specific SARS-CoV-2 humoral and cellular immune responses in a retrospective, cross-sectional study in PLWH on antiretroviral therapy. Among 104 participants, 70.2% had anti-S IgG antibodies and 55.8% had significant neutralizing activity against the Omicron variant in a surrogate virus neutralization test. Only 38.5% were vaccinated (8.76 ± 4.1 months prior), all displaying anti-S IgG, 75% with neutralizing antibodies and anti-S IgA. 29.8% had no SARS-CoV-2 serologic markers and displayed significantly lower CD4 counts and HIV viral load. Severe immunosuppression (present in 12.5% of participants) was linked to lower levels of detectable anti-S IgG (0.0003), anti-S IgA (p &lt; 0.0001) and lack of neutralizing activity against Omicron variant (p &lt; 0.0001). T-cell responses were present in 86.7% of tested participants, even in those lacking serological markers. In PLWH without severe immunosuppression, neutralizing antibodies and T-cell responses persisted for up to 9 months post-infection or vaccination. Advanced immunosuppression led to diminished humoral immunity, but retained cellular immune.

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“…Vaccination is an effective and safe method to prevent many infectious diseases (ID), including COVID-19. There is a consensus of national and international professional associations about the need for vaccinating PLWH against COVID-19 despite the fact that accurate data about efficacy and safety in this subpopulation are currently very limited [9][10][11]. Nor is there a clear recommendation for the preferred type of vaccines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In registrational trials of mRNA-based vaccines, PLWH were included, but they were not analysed separately [12,13]. Some small sample studies with vector COVID-19 vaccines show high immunogenicity among PLWH [9,10]. On the other hand, there is a safety concern about Ad5based vaccines in Ad5-seropositive individuals [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

National strategies for vaccination against COVID‐19 in people living with HIV in Central and Eastern European region

et al. 2021

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Introduction People living with HIV (PLWH) are at higher risk of poorer COVID‐19 outcomes. Vaccination is a safe and effective method of prevention against many infectious diseases, including COVID‐19. Here we investigate the strategies for national COVID‐19 vaccination programmes across central and eastern Europe and the inclusion of PLWH in vaccination programmes. Methods The Euroguidelines in Central and Eastern Europe Network Group consists of experts in the field of infectious diseases from 24 countries in the region. Between 1 November 2020 and 19 March 2021 the group proceeded an on‐line survey consisting of 20 questions. Results Twenty‐two countries (out of 24 invited) participated in the survey and 20/22 countries in the period between December 2020 and March 2021 had already started their COVID‐19 vaccination programme. In total, seven different vaccines were used by participating countries. In 17/21 countries (81%), vaccinated persons were centralized within the national registry. In 8/21 countries (38%) PLWH were prioritized for vaccination (the Czech Republic, Greece, Hungary, Lithuania, Montenegro, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia) and the Czech Republic, Greece and Serbia had put in place national guidelines for vaccination of PLWH. In 14/20 countries (70%) vaccination was only provided by designated centres. Eighteen respondents (18/21; 85.7%) reported that they planned to follow up HIV patients vaccinated against COVID‐19, mainly by measuring antibody levels and checking COVID‐19 incidence (11/21; 52.3%). Conclusions This survey‐based study suggests that there are significant differences in terms of prioritizing PLWH, the types of vaccines used, vaccination coverage, and the development and implementation of a vaccination programmes within the region. Regardless of heterogenicity and existing barriers within the region, systematic vaccination in PLWH should have the highest priority, especially in those with severe immunodeficiency, risk factors, and in the elderly, aiming for prompt and high vaccination coverage.

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Safety and Immunogenicity of the ChAdox1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) Vaccine Against SARS-CoV-2 in HIV Infection

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in people living with HIV: a nationwide prospective cohort study in the Netherlands

Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in people living with HIV: a nationwide prospective cohort study in the Netherlands

SARS-CoV-2 Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses in HIV-Positive Patients

National strategies for vaccination against COVID‐19 in people living with HIV in Central and Eastern European region

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