Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in people living with HIV: a nationwide prospective cohort study in the Netherlands

Hensley, Kathryn S.; Jongkees, Marlou J.; GeurtsvanKessel, Corine H.; Mueller, Yvonne M.; Dalm, Virgil A. S. H.; Papageorgiou, Grigorios; Steggink, Hanka; Górska, Alicja; Bogers, Susanne; Hollander, Jan G. den; Bierman, Wouter F W; Gelinck, L. B. S.; Schippers, Emile F.; Ammerlaan, Heidi S. M.; Valk, Marc van der; Vonderen, Marit G. A. van; Delsing, Corine E.; Gisolf, Elisabeth H.; Bruns, Anke H. W.; Lauw, Fanny N.; Berrevoets, Marvin A.H.; Sigaloff, Kim C.E.; Soetekouw, Robert; Branger, Judith; Mast, Quirijn de; Lammers, A.J.J.; Lowe, Selwyn H.; Vries, Rory D de; Katsikis, Peter D.; Rijnders, Bart J. A.; Brinkman, Kees; Roukens, Anna H E; Rokx, Casper

doi:10.1101/2022.03.31.22273221

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 35 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…As we hypothesized that this also holds true for SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, we previously investigated the immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations in PLWH with the vaccines currently approved in the Netherlands. Whereas smaller studies showed variable antibody responses after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in PLWH compared to HIV-negative controls[3–9], our study in 1154 PLWH clearly demonstrated a diminished antibody response[10]. In total, 165 (14.3%) of the participants were hyporesponders (≤300 spike (S)-specific binding antibody units [BAU]/mL by chemiluminescence immunoassay [DiaSorin Liaison]) and in 33 of them the antibody level remained below the cut-off level of test positivity (33.8 BAU/mL).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Immunogenicity of an additional mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in people living with HIV with hyporesponse after primary vaccination

Jongkees

Hensley

Huisman

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background The COVIH study is a prospective SARS-CoV-2 vaccination study in people living with HIV (PLWH). Of the 1154 PLWH enrolled, 14% showed a reduced or absent antibody response after a primary vaccination regimen. As the response to an additional vaccination in PLWH with hyporesponse is unknown, we evaluated whether an additional vaccination boosts immune responses in these hyporesponders. Methods Consenting hyporesponders received an additional 100 μg of mRNA-1273. Hyporesponse was defined as ≤300 spike(S)-specific binding antibody units [BAU]/mL. The primary endpoint was the increase in antibodies 28 days after the additional vaccination. Secondary endpoints were the correlation between patient characteristics and antibody response, levels of neutralizing antibodies, S-specific T-cell and B-cell responses, and reactogenicity. Results Of the 75 PLWH enrolled, five were excluded as their antibody level had increased to >300 BAU/mL at baseline, two for a SARS-CoV-2 infection before the primary endpoint evaluation and two were lost to follow-up. Of the 66 remaining participants, 40 previously received ChAdOx1-S, 22 BNT162b2, and four Ad26.COV2.S. The median age was 63[IQR:60-66], 86% were male, pre-vaccination and nadir CD4+ T-cell counts were 650/μL[IQR:423-941] and 230/μL[IQR:145-345] and 96% had HIV-RNA <50 copies/mL. The mean antibody level before the additional vaccination was 35 BAU/mL (SEM 5.4) and 45/66 (68%) were antibody negative. After the additional mRNA-1273 vaccination, antibodies were >300 BAU/mL in 64/66 (97%) with a mean increase of 4282 BAU/mL (95%CI:3241-5323). No patient characteristics correlated with the magnitude of the antibody response, nor did the primary vaccination regimen. The additional vaccination significantly increased the proportion of participants with detectable ancestral S-specific B-cells (p=0.016) and CD4+ T-cells (p=0.037). Conclusion An additional mRNA-1273 vaccination induced a robust serological response in 97% of the PLWH with a hyporesponse after a primary vaccination regimen. This response was observed regardless of the primary vaccination regimen or patient characteristics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Immunogenicity of an additional mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in people living with HIV with hyporesponse after primary vaccination

Jongkees

Hensley

Huisman

et al. 2022

Preprint

Self Cite

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A Multivariant Surrogate Virus Neutralization Test Demonstrates Distinct SARS-CoV-2-Specific Antibody Responses in People Living with HIV after a Fourth Monovalent mRNA Vaccination or an Omicron Breakthrough Infection

Springer,

Daller,

Knappik

et al. 2024

Diagnostics

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While neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) induced by monovalent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccinations are primarily directed against the wildtype (WT), subsequent exposure to the Omicron variants may increase the breadth of the antibodies’ cross-neutralizing activity. Here, we analyzed the impact of an Omicron breakthrough infection (BTI) or a fourth monovalent mRNA vaccination on nAb profiles in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH). Using a multivariant surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT), we quantified nAbs in 36 three-times vaccinated PLWH, of whom 9 acquired a serologically confirmed Omicron BTI, 8 received a fourth vaccine dose, and 19 were neither infected nor additionally vaccinated. While nAbs against WT and Delta increased after the BTI and a fourth vaccination, a significant increase against BA.1, BA.2, and BA.5 was only observed after the BTI. However, there was no significant difference in nAb concentrations between the samples obtained after the BTI and fourth vaccination. In contrast, nAb levels were significantly lower in PLWH, who were neither infected nor additionally vaccinated after three vaccinations. Thus, our study demonstrates the suitability of a multivariant sVNT to assess hybrid humoral immunity after Omicron BTIs in PLWH vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2.

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The Impact of COVID-19 on People Living with HIV-1 and HIV-1-Associated Neurological Complications

Dutta

Liu

Xiong

2023

Viruses

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The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative pathogen of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a fatal respiratory illness. The associated risk factors for COVID-19 are old age and medical comorbidities. In the current combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) era, a significant portion of people living with HIV-1 (PLWH) with controlled viremia is older and with comorbidities, making these people vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19-associated severe outcomes. Additionally, SARS-CoV-2 is neurotropic and causes neurological complications, resulting in a health burden and an adverse impact on PLWH and exacerbating HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). The impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity on neuroinflammation, the development of HAND and preexisting HAND is poorly explored. In the present review, we compiled the current knowledge of differences and similarities between SARS-CoV-2 and HIV-1, the conditions of the SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 and HIV-1/AIDS syndemic and their impact on the central nervous system (CNS). Risk factors of COVID-19 on PLWH and neurological manifestations, inflammatory mechanisms leading to the neurological syndrome, the development of HAND, and its influence on preexisting HAND are also discussed. Finally, we have reviewed the challenges of the present syndemic on the world population, with a particular emphasis on PLWH.

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Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in people living with HIV: a nationwide prospective cohort study in the Netherlands

Cited by 6 publications

References 35 publications

Immunogenicity of an additional mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in people living with HIV with hyporesponse after primary vaccination

Immunogenicity of an additional mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in people living with HIV with hyporesponse after primary vaccination

A Multivariant Surrogate Virus Neutralization Test Demonstrates Distinct SARS-CoV-2-Specific Antibody Responses in People Living with HIV after a Fourth Monovalent mRNA Vaccination or an Omicron Breakthrough Infection

The Impact of COVID-19 on People Living with HIV-1 and HIV-1-Associated Neurological Complications

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