Safety and efficacy profiles of different commercial sodium hypochlorite/hypochlorous acid solutions (NaClO/HClO): antimicrobial efficacy, cytotoxic impact and physicochemical parameters<i>in vitro</i>

Severing, Anna-Lena; Rembe, Julian‐Dario; Koester, V; Stuermer, Ewa Klara

doi:10.1093/jac/dky432

Cited by 67 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The antiseptic reference agent OCT/PE and the PHMB-based irrigation solution, on the contrary, achieved significantly higher reductions of microorganisms ( Figures 2A – C ) and visual breaking open of biofilm structures ( Figures 5A – C ). In contrast to our earlier publication ( Severing et al, 2019 ), hypochlorous agents not only failed to reduce microbial counts in a biofilm setup but also in the planktonic method (QSM; Figure 1 ). This is however most likely attributed to the experimental setup with a deliberately chosen lower “agent to microbial test suspension”-ratio in the planktonic QSM (1:5 compared to 8:1 in standards), to unify the ratio in both models (QSM and hpBIOM).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…In a previous publication ( Severing et al, 2019 ), we demonstrated and discussed the differences between commercially available hypochlorous wound irrigation solutions depending on agent concentration, pH-value, and test setup against planktonic bacteria, whereby LVX, KSL, and especially AMF showed a high short-term efficacy on planktonic bacteria. The results of the now presented work are based on these preliminary evaluations and extend them in terms of potential anti-biofilm efficacy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the recent renaissance of hypochlorous acid based antimicrobial wound irrigation solutions ( Severing et al, 2019 ) with contrasting evidence regarding anti-biofilm efficacy, this study focused on the evaluation of these agents compared to established antimicrobial and antiseptic agents. Prolonged exposure times, increased substance volumes, and varying agents (with differing substance concentrations) were investigated using the hpBIOM and compared to a planktonic test setup to provide a comprehensive analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antimicrobial Hypochlorous Wound Irrigation Solutions Demonstrate Lower Anti-biofilm Efficacy Against Bacterial Biofilm in a Complex in-vitro Human Plasma Biofilm Model (hpBIOM) Than Common Wound Antimicrobials

et al. 2020

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Biofilms pose a relevant factor for wound healing impairment in chronic wounds. With 78% of all chronic wounds being affected by biofilms, research in this area is of high priority, especially since data for evidence-based selection of appropriate antimicrobials and antiseptics is scarce. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-biofilm efficacy of commercially available hypochlorous wound irrigation solutions compared to established antimicrobials. Using an innovative complex in-vitro human plasma biofilm model (hpBIOM), quantitative reduction of Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Staphylococcus aureus , and Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) biofilms by three hypochlorous irrigation solutions [two <0.08% and one 0.2% sodium hypochlorite (NaClO)] was compared to a 0.04% polyhexanide (PHMB) irrigation solution and 0.1% octenidine-dihydrochloride/phenoxyethanol (OCT/PE). Efficacy was compared to a non-challenged planktonic approach, as well as with increased substance volume over a prolonged exposure (up to 72 h). Qualitative visualization of biofilms was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Both reference agents (OCT/PE and PHMB) induced significant biofilm reductions within 72 h, whereby high volume OCT/PE even managed complete eradication of P. aeruginosa and MRSA biofilms after 72 h. The tested hypochlorous wound irrigation solutions achieved no relevant penetration and eradication of biofilms despite increased volume and exposure. Only 0.2% NaClO managed a low reduction under prolonged exposure. The results demonstrate that low-dosed hypochlorous wound irrigation solutions are significantly less effective than PHMB-based irrigation solution and OCT/PE, thus unsuitable for biofilm eradication on their own. The used complex hpBIOM thereby mimics the highly challenging clinical wound micro-environment, providing a more profound base for future clinical translation.

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confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antimicrobial Hypochlorous Wound Irrigation Solutions Demonstrate Lower Anti-biofilm Efficacy Against Bacterial Biofilm in a Complex in-vitro Human Plasma Biofilm Model (hpBIOM) Than Common Wound Antimicrobials

et al. 2020

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“…Many in-vitro studies used stationary biofilms on plastic surfaces without organic challenge (27)(28)(29), even though the relevance of such challenge has been widely described (9,30). Also, the exact composition of solutions needs to be considered, differentiating between solutions containing mainly sodiumhypochlorite, hypochlorous acid or both, as well as the concentration and pH of solution and environment, whereby more acidic and alkaline conditions and solutions can be more effective, as described before (12,27,29,31,32) and shown in this work, as the only hypochlorous irrigation solution showing any anti-biofilm effect was the more alkaline, higher-concentrated (0.2% NaClO) AMF ( Fig. 3b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the recent renaissance of hypochlorous acid based antimicrobial wound irrigation solutions and antiseptic products (12), and the contrasting evidence regarding the anti-biofilm efficacy of such agents this study focused on the evaluation of such agents in direct comparison to established antimicrobial and antiseptic agents. Prolonged exposure times for remanence detection, increased substance volumes and varying agents (with differing substance concentrations) were investigated in the innovative biofilm model and compared to a planktonic test setup to provide a comprehensive analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-biofilm activity of antimicrobial hypochlorous wound irrigation solutions compared to common wound antiseptics and bacterial resilience in an innovative in-vitro human plasma biofilm model (hpBIOM)

Rembe

Huelsboemer

Besser

2020

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Formulation of a Composite Nasal Spray Enabling Enhanced Surface Coverage and Prophylaxis of SARS‐COV‐2

et al. 2021

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Airborne pathogens pose high risks in terms of both contraction and transmission within the respiratory pathways, particularly the nasal region. However, there is little in the way of adequate intervention that can protect an individual or prevent further spread. This study reports on a nasal formulation with the capacity to combat such challenges, focusing on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). Formulation of a polysaccharide‐based spray, known for its mucoadhesive properties, is undertaken and it is characterized for its mechanical, spray distribution, and antiviral properties. The ability to engineer key mechanical characteristics such as dynamic yield stresses and high coverage is shown, through systematic understanding of the composite mixture containing both gellan and λ‐carrageenan. Furthermore, the spray systems demonstrate highly potent capacities to prevent SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in Vero cells, resulting in complete inhibition when either treating, the cells, or the virus, prior to challenging for infection. From this data, a mechanism for both prophylaxis and prevention is proposed; where entrapment within a polymeric coating sterically blocks virus uptake into the cells, inactivating the virus, and allowing clearance within the viscous medium. As such, a fully preventative spray is formulated, targeted at protecting the lining of the upper respiratory pathways against SARS‐CoV‐2.

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Safety and efficacy profiles of different commercial sodium hypochlorite/hypochlorous acid solutions (NaClO/HClO): antimicrobial efficacy, cytotoxic impact and physicochemical parametersin vitro

Cited by 67 publications

References 29 publications

Antimicrobial Hypochlorous Wound Irrigation Solutions Demonstrate Lower Anti-biofilm Efficacy Against Bacterial Biofilm in a Complex in-vitro Human Plasma Biofilm Model (hpBIOM) Than Common Wound Antimicrobials

Antimicrobial Hypochlorous Wound Irrigation Solutions Demonstrate Lower Anti-biofilm Efficacy Against Bacterial Biofilm in a Complex in-vitro Human Plasma Biofilm Model (hpBIOM) Than Common Wound Antimicrobials

Anti-biofilm activity of antimicrobial hypochlorous wound irrigation solutions compared to common wound antiseptics and bacterial resilience in an innovative in-vitro human plasma biofilm model (hpBIOM)

Formulation of a Composite Nasal Spray Enabling Enhanced Surface Coverage and Prophylaxis of SARS‐COV‐2

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