Safeguarding labour in distant factories: Health and safety governance in an electronics global production network

Raj‐Reichert, Gale

doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2012.05.007

Cited by 49 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…CCEs as a form of organizational regulation together with complementary government regulation is suggested as important for improved workers' rights and conditions (Egels-Zandén 2014). When focusing on the implementation of CCEs in the supply chain, studies highlight structural tensions arising from the power relations made visible between buying and supplying ends of the same governance structure (Amengual 2010;Bezuidenhout and Jeppesen 2011;Raj-Reichert 2013;Rodríguez-Garavito 2005). Such conflicts between the ethics in the code and the working conditions of factory workers may further create incentives for selective auditing and monitoring (Raj-Reichert 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of papers overlap with the subcategories "supplier codes" and "effects on labor conditions" in the contentand output-oriented categories, respectively. These papers deal with the implementation of codes in supplier factories and shed further light on the specific power relations, institutional, historical and cultural aspects associated with code implementation in different supplier factories/countries (Amengual 2010, Bezuidenhout andJeppesen 2011;Raj-Reichert 2013;Rodríguez-Garavito 2005).…”

Section: Summary Of Transformation-oriented Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Updated Inquiry into the Study of Corporate Codes of Ethics: 2005–2016

2019

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This paper presents a review of 100 empirical papers studying corporate codes of ethics (CCEs) in business organizations from the time period mid-2005 until mid-2016, following approximately an 11-year time period after the previous review of the literature. The reviewed papers are broadly categorized as content-oriented, output-oriented, or transformation-oriented. The review sheds light on empirical focus, context, questions addressed, methods, findings and theory. The findings are discussed in terms of the three categories as well as the aggregate, stock of empirical CCE studies in comparison with previous reviews, answering the question "where are we now?" Content and output studies still stand for the majority of the studies, whereas the transformation studies are fewer. Within these areas, two new trends are found to have emerged: discursive analyses and a focus on labor conditions. The review finds that (a) the content of CCEs is still predominantly self-defensive, (b) that CCEs are insufficient in themselves in terms of protecting workers' rights, (c) that CCEs are likely to encounter tensions when implemented across national and organizational boundaries, and (d) that while perception of CCEs is generally positive, CCEs may lead to both positive and negative outcomes. Based on these findings, potential areas for further exploration in the area of CCE research are suggested.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Summary Of Transformation-oriented Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Updated Inquiry into the Study of Corporate Codes of Ethics: 2005–2016

2019

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“…A rules-based approach to CSR governance does not necessarily lead to improvements on the factory floor or increased worker involvement in the governance process (Raj-Reichert, 2013;Ruwanpura, 2013). Indeed, active worker participation in corporate code implementation is seen as important in securing worker benefits (Yu, 2009).…”

Section: Corporate Social Responsibility In Global Garment Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corporate Social Responsibility in Garment Sourcing Networks: Factory Management Perspectives on Ethical Trade in Sri Lanka

2014

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With complex buyer-driven global production networks and a labour-intensive manufacturing process, the fashion industry has become a focal point for debates on the social responsibility of business. Utilising an interview methodology with influential actors from seven export garment manufacturers in Sri Lanka, we explore the situated knowledge at one nodal point of the production network. We conceptualise factory management perspectives on the implementation of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in terms of the strategic balancing of ethical considerations against the commercial pressures of cost and lead time. Factory managers framed CSR in terms of compliance, rather than going above and beyond regulatory requirements; seeing it as a strategic competitive imperative and less a developmental mechanism. Sri Lankan manufacturers maintain that they have benefitted from a unique combination of factors, including strict national labour laws, an educated workforce, the characteristics of the garments produced, industrial upgrading, and long-term non-adversarial buyer-supplier relationships, which they argue has supported the establishment and maintenance of CSR practices. The paper thus provides managerial implications that relate CSR activities to CSR outcomes which include both reputational and production benefits. Such insights will be of strategic relevance for lead retail buyers as well as apparel producers keen to invest in CSR to partly mitigate against increasing price-based competition.

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“…Under these circumstances, the legal systems in developing countries could play an important role, but it seems that most of these countries' laws relevant to business and CSR do not have an adequate focus or appropriate strategies to demand that corporate self-regulators fulfil their social responsibilities (Ruwanpura and Wrigley 2011;Raj-Reichert 2013). In Bangladesh, the Companies Act 1994, the Bangladesh Labour Law 2006 and the Environmental Conservation Act 1995 are proscriptive, and they do not have substantive provisions to enable the development of firms' self-regulated responsibility systems (Rahim 2013).…”

Section: Improving Social Responsibility In Rmg Industries Through a mentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Social Responsibility in RMG Industries Through a New Governance Approach in Laws

Rahim

2016

J Bus Ethics

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Developing countries need to reform legislation to ensure the global supply firms in ready-made garment (RMG) industry is adequately addressing obligations of social responsibility. Literature typically focuses on strategies for raising responsible standards in global buying firms within the RMG industry, but fails to focus on implementing strategies for suppliers in developing countries. This article addresses this gap by specifically focusing on the RMG industry in Bangladesh, the home of the third largest RMG supplier in the world. It concentrates on analysing how and to what extent the law can assist in developing social responsibility performance of the RMG manufacturing firms in developing countries. It ultimately concludes that a new governance approach in laws can effectively increase the social responsibility practice standards of an industry where global buying firms are profitdriven and governmental agencies are either inadequate or corrupt.

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Safeguarding labour in distant factories: Health and safety governance in an electronics global production network

Cited by 49 publications

References 23 publications

An Updated Inquiry into the Study of Corporate Codes of Ethics: 2005–2016

An Updated Inquiry into the Study of Corporate Codes of Ethics: 2005–2016

Corporate Social Responsibility in Garment Sourcing Networks: Factory Management Perspectives on Ethical Trade in Sri Lanka

Improving Social Responsibility in RMG Industries Through a New Governance Approach in Laws

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