I dedicate this dissertation to my parents Julio and Alicia, husband Juan Carlos, daughter Andrea, son Juan Camilo, family and friends, for their love, comprehension and support during my Doctorate studies. I am also grateful to the University of Pamplona, Colombia for providing financial support for doing my Doctorate studies. My deepest gratitude goes to my parents, family, relative and friends who prayed for me and supported me morally throughout my studies.