An evaluation of reputation with regard to the opportunistic forwarding of messages in VANETs

Abstract

A mechanism for trust management is required in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) to record the behavior of the vehicles. However, it is a complex matter to follow the historical behavior of the vehicles, since their identities are protected by pseudonyms, which are constantly changing to prevent tracking. In our proposal based on a centralized reputation system, being a vehicle well behaved in the opportunistic forwarding of messages comprises two components: reputation for messages creation and for messages forwarding. The vehicles can forward messages at a given time, and the types of messages that are sent in each transaction may require a vehicle reputation score. In this case, the decision of a vehicle to accept a message is based on the reputation of the sender vehicle that created or forwarded the message. We describe the reputation system through the first three levels of a functional ontology and finite state machines. We evaluate the system by means of simulations in an urban scenario to obtain the reputations of forwarding and generation of messages, varying the number of misbehaving vehicles. It was found that a centralized reputation scheme reflects the behavior of the vehicles insofar as feedback is delivered to the reputation server.

A Systematic Literature Review on Security of Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET) Based on VEINS Framework

“…To achieve trust management mechanism in VANETs, a centralized reputation system was presented to record the behavior of the vehicles in the opportunistic messages of message forwarding, and messages creation [77], [78]. For improving the trustworthiness of shared location information, a Vouch+ scheme was proposed by using mobility awareness, and cryptographic primitives in high-speed scenarios [79].…”

Blockchain-Based Incentive-Compatible Reputation Management System in Vehicular Networks

“…Nevertheless,thecharacteristicsoftheVehicularNetworksaredifferentinthecryptocurrency. Firstly,BitcoinandEthereumcanonlyhandle7and15transactionspersecondrespectively.They onlymeettheneedofthereputationtransactionsinVehicularNetworks.Second,theparticipants in cryptocurrency's transactions are deterministic and the transactions can be confirmed by the signaturesofeveryparticipants.Incontrast,thetransactionsinVehicularNetworksaretheaddition orsubtractionofreputationscorebasedonthevehicle'sactionofsendingorforwardingmessages, sotheyaredeterminedbytheneighbors'feedbacksaboutthemessage (Moreira,E.,2019).Lastly, thecryptocurrencytransactionsshouldexistpermanentlybutofthevehicles'reputationcouldbe deletedbecauseofsomereasonssuchasthescrappage.…”

Pseudonym change strategy based on the reputation of the neighbouring vehicles in VANETs

“…The reputation score (Rep) of a vehicle is the result of the aggregation of feedback by peer vehicles that evaluate its behaviour. In a centralised scheme, the RS is responsible for collecting feedback from the VANET, as well as computing and maintaining the global reputation scores of the vehicles [35]. In this paper, a Misbehaviour Vehicle (MV) is a vehicle that will always send fake messages, but it will also report the feedback of the peers correctly.…”