Sacroiliac luxation in small animals: treatment options

Abstract

The term sacroiliac luxation-fracture (SIL/F) denotes traumatic separation of the ilial wing from the sacrum. This injury typically results from a traumatic event (most commonly a road traffic accident) and consequently is often seen with concomitant pelvic and/or other orthopaedic injuries. When indicated, the method of choice for SIL/F repair is lag screw fixation, which can be achieved via open reduction and internal fixation or minimally invasive osteosynthesis. The prognosis is in part affected by proper orientation of the iliosacral screw and adequate screw purchase into the sacral body. While conservative management may yield good outcomes, pain associated with nerve damage as well as chronic instability of the SIL, along with concomitant orthopedic and soft tissue injuries, should be thoroughly considered when choosing this option.

Sacroiliac luxations in cats: Surgery or conservative treatment?

“…Fauron and Déjardin stated that SIL in older animals are usually accompanied by orthopedic damage [9]. In direct proportion to this, in the present study, 53.8% of the cases over the age of 1 had at least one injury accompanying SIL, and ST was decided in 39.5% of these cases and CT in 60.5%.…”

“…In addition, there are some authors who support this view [7,13,[21][22][23]. Raffan et al reported that neurological damage developed in almost half of the cases with SIL, which they included in their study, and they stated that neurological damage became permanent in some of the cases with neurological damage [9]. Some authors emphasized that apart from TI , screws coming out of the sacrum, especially in cases of ST carry the risk of iatrogenic damage to the cauda equina dorsally, lumbosacral intervertebral disc cranially, lumbosacral plexus ventrally, and sacral vessels medially [6,17,[21][22].…”

“…SIL, sacroiliac fracture, or SIL fracture are terms used to describe the traumatic separation of the iliac wing from the sacrum, depending on the localization of the lesion. SIL is an expression generally used in young animals [9]. Since most of the cases (78.6%) included in this study were younger than 1 year old, separation of the ilium wing from the sacrum was defined as SIL.…”

“…On the other hand, good and moderate recovery results are almost the same in cases with ST and CT. Fauron and Déjardin stated that surgical difficulties and potential complications may affect the surgeon' s decision [9]. Raffan et al emphasized that ST provides faster recovery than CT, relieves pain and eliminates existing neurological deficits [19].…”

Conservative management of pelvic fractures in dogs and cats in Algiers: Incidence and long-term clinical outcomes

“…Moreover, some investigators reported a good to excellent outcome with femoral head-and-neck excision and a generally favorable prognosis for conservative management of pelvic fractures [ 2 , 6 - 8 , 29 , 32 - 34 ]. Reportedly, 64-75% of dogs and 82.35% of cats presenting with pelvic fractures had good to excellent outcomes with conservative treatment [ 8 , 14 ] when the candidates for this treatment were chosen [ 16 , 17 ]. Although pelvic fractures were historically managed conservatively in cats [ 3 , 11 ].…”