Saccharides

Greenland, D. J.; Oades, JM

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-65915-7_2

Cited by 32 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 155 publications

(84 reference statements)

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“…Procedures for the isolation of polysaccharides from soil and their fractionation have been reviewed by Mehta et al (1961) , Swincer et al (1968) , Greenland and Oades (1975) , Hayes and Swift (1978) , Cheshire (1979) , Cheshire and Hayes (1990) , Stevenson (1994) , and Clapp et al (2005) . Sodium hydroxide is probably the best of the aqueous solvents used.…”

Section: Isolation and Fractionation Of Soil Saccharidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Concepts of Environmental Natural Nonliving Organic Matter

Hayes

2009

Biophysico‐Chemical Processes Involving Natural Nonliving Organic Matter in Environmental Systems

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Section: Isolation and Fractionation Of Soil Saccharidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Concepts of Environmental Natural Nonliving Organic Matter

Hayes

2009

Biophysico‐Chemical Processes Involving Natural Nonliving Organic Matter in Environmental Systems

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“…They are the most abundant constituents of vascular plants where they mostly occur in cell wall material and play a major role as storage and structural components. Considering their diversity (ϳ200 polysaccharides occur naturally; Greenland and Oades, 1975), and their ubiquity (they are present in vascular plants, in marine plankton and in bacteria), polysaccharides are potential indicators of OM sources. However, bacteria and fungi rapidly degrade polysaccharides and synthesize new ones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early diagenesis of carbohydrates and lignin in mangrove sediments subject to variable redox conditions (French Guiana)

Marchand

Disnar

Lallier-Vergès

et al. 2005

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

113

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A comparative study of lignin and neutral carbohydrate compositions, combined with C, N and ␦ 13 C analyses, was carried out on sedimentary cores, and on various vascular plant species collected in mangrove swamps of French Guiana. The main purpose of this study was to assess the diagenesis of carbohydrates and lignin in brackish to hypersaline fine-grained mangrove sediments characterized by great changes in redox conditions. Distribution of carbohydrates in sediments reflects both the lability of these compounds and their efficient recycling. They are subject to selective degradation, cellulosic glucose and xylose appearing to be the two most labile neutral sugars. In contrast a relative increase in arabinose, rhamnose, fucose and hemicellulosic glucose between plants and sediments, suggests that they may be more refractory and/or that they also derive from microbial synthesis. The total carbon from lignin-derived phenols is higher in sediments than in mangrove plants as a consequence of their rather refractory character. Nevertheless, evidence of lignin decomposition was found to be independent of local environmental conditions. The various redox processes that occur in mangrove sediments depend on plant species, stages in forest development and season. Different redox conditions induce different mechanisms for the decomposition of lignin and thus induce changes in phenol distributions. At depth, in most mangroves, an increase in (Ad/Al) v ratios and in deoxy sugars (fucose and rhamnose) content was significantly correlated with increased proportions of oxidized allochthonous organic debris deriving from the Amazonian detrital discharge, thus suggesting a specific source effect rather than a diagenesis induced change. Therefore, this study illustrates that both lignin and cellulose, derived from vascular plant debris, can be degraded in waterlogged mangrove sediments, and that their distribution depends on environmental conditions.

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“…Oughton et al (1992) studied uncultivated soils from Norway, Byelorussia and Ukraine and found less than 20% of 137 Cs in the water and ammonium acetate soluble fraction. Hydrolysis with sulphuric acid is supposed to break down the cellulose and hemicellulose complex, at least partly (Greenland and Oades, 1975). Release of 137 Cs associated with hemicellulose and cellulose could thus be expected and resulted in a release of 30% of 137 Cs from the organic-rich soil and 38% from the organic-poor soil.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The relatively strong binding of 137 Cs to the mycelium may in part be accounted for by the fact that such structural cell-wall material, as chitin is an important constituent in mycelium (Greenland and Oades, 1975), particularly in filamentous fungi (Salton, 1960;Greenland and Hayes, 1981). This natural polymer is closely related in structure to celluloses (Greenland and Hayes, 1981).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In litter, 137 Cs can be bound or associated to various biomolecules, such as celluloses and hemicelluloses, which can be degraded by enzymes from ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi (Greenland and Oades, 1975;Ingold and Hudson, 1979). All fungi, including ectomycorrhizal species, have properties that enable them to mobilise organic sources of nitrogen and phosphorus as well as many other macro-and microelements (Morley et al, 1996;Smith and Read, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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