S100A11 Promotes Glioma Cell Proliferation and Predicts Grade-Correlated Unfavorable Prognosis

Abstract

The prognosis of glioma is significantly correlated with the pathological grades; however, the correlations between the prognostic biomarkers with pathological grades have not been elucidated. S100A11 is involved in a variety of malignant biological processes of tumor, whereas its biological and clinicopathological features on glioma remain unclear. In this study, the S100A11 expression and clinical information were obtained from the public databases (TCGA, GEPIA2) to analyze its correlations with the pathological grade and the prognosis of glioma patients. We then verified the expression of S100A11 by immunohistochemistry staining. The effects of S100A11 on the proliferation of glioma cells were confirmed by cytological function assays (CCK-8, Flow cytometry, Clone formation assay) in vitro, the role of S100A11 in regulation of glioma growth was determined by xenograft model assay. We observed that S100A11 expression positively correlated with the pathological grades, while negatively correlated with the survival time of patients. In cytological analysis, we found the proliferations of glioma cell lines were significantly inhibited in vitro ( P < 0.05) after interfering S100A11 expression via shRNAs. The cell cycle was blocked at G0/G1 stage. The ability of clone formation was significantly decreased, and the tumorigenicity in vivo was weakened ( P < 0.05). In summary, S100A11 was over-expressed in gliomas and positively correlated with the pathological grades. Interfering the expression of S100A11 significantly inhibited the proliferation of glioma in vitro and the tumorigenicity in vivo ( P < 0.05). In conclusion, S100A11 might be considered as a potential biomarker in glioma.

S100A11 activates the pentose phosphate pathway to induce malignant biological behaviour of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

“…S100A11 is a member of the S100 family, which exerts its biological functions as a calcium sensor or binding protein [ 24 ]. Recently, studies have found that, the expression of S100A11 is positively correlated with the degree of cancer progression and an unfavourable clinical prognosis [ 13 , 25 , 26 ]. Silencing of S100A11 in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma can reduce the level of SMAD2/3 phosphorylation which is induced by TGF-β1, and then inhibit cell migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) [ 27 ].…”

Analysis of Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors of Postoperative Recurrence and Malignant Transformation of Low-Grade Glioma

“…The third way is metastasis through the lymphatic system. Glioma can also metastasize through the lymphatic system, and tumors may enter specific organs or parts of the body along the lymphatic space around spinal nerves or cranial nerves to induce diseases [ 5 ]. Because all parts of the body are lymphatic, this metastasis is very harmful to the body.…”

DRAXIN as a Novel Diagnostic Marker to Predict the Poor Prognosis of Glioma Patients

“…As one of the most fundamental features of gliomas, abnormal proliferation can lead to continuous tumor progression, crowding out the viability of normal brain tissue and leading to immature differentiation of neoplastic cells, further aggravating the malignancy of gliomas (Caglayan et al 2013 ). It has been reported that expression of S100A11, which correlates with glioma pathological grade, promotes the proliferation and tumorigenic capacity of glioma cells, and knockdown of S100A11 expression using shRNA results in the opposite phenotype (Wang et al 2021 ). Similarly, knockdown of DRAXIN was demonstrated in this experiment to significantly inhibit the proliferative capacity of U251 cells.…”