S1 guidelines: Tinea capitis

Mayser, Peter; Nenoff, P.; Reinel, D.; Abeck, Dietrich; Brasch, Jochen; Daeschlein, Georg; Effendy, Isaak; Ginter‐Hanselmayer, Gabriele; Gräser, Yvonne; Hipler, Uta‐Christina; Höger, P.; Kolb‐Mäurer, Annette; Ott, Hagen; Schaller, Martin; Zidane, Miriam

doi:10.1111/ddg.14026

Cited by 39 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 110 publications

(317 reference statements)

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“…Most frequently, M. canis and T. mentagrophytes (28.6 % each) was identified, followed by T. benhamiae (21.4 %). Cats, dogs, but also horses, monkeys and rabbits have previously been reported to be the reservoir for the zoophilic dermatophyte M. canis [27], while zoophilic T. benhamiae is usually transmitted by small rodents, particularly guinea pigs [28]. Overall, M. canis has been reported to be the most commonly isolated dermatophyte in Central Europe [1,17,22].…”

Section: Tinea Capitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Dermatophyte infections in children compared to adults in Germany: a retrospective multicenter study in Germany

Kromer

Celis

Hipler

et al. 2021

J Deutsche Derma Gesell

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Background and objective: Dermatophyte infections of the skin and nails are common worldwide and vary between geographical areas and over time. The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiological profile of dermatophytes in Germany with a focus on comparing children with adults.Patients and methods: In this retrospective multicenter study, mycological dermatophyte culture results in the period 01/2014 to 12/2016 were analyzed according to identified pathogen, age and gender of patients, and type of disease.Results: Of 1,136 infections (children: n = 88, adults: n = 1,048), 50.8 % were clinically classified as onychomycosis, followed by tinea pedis (34.6 %), tinea corporis (16.2 %), tinea manus (16.2 %), tinea capitis (2.5 %), and tinea faciei (1.2 %). The most frequent pathogen was Trichophyton (T.) rubrum (78.6 %), followed by T. interdigitale (14.3 %), T. benhamiae (3.2 %), T. mentagrophytes (2.1 %), and Microsporum canis (1.7 %). The fungal spectrum differed particularly in tinea corporis and tinea capitis between children and adults with a more diverse pathogen spectrum in children. Trichophyton tonsurans was rarely identified as cause for tinea corporis (2.7 %) or tinea capitis (3.3 %). Conclusions:Differences in pathogens and frequency of fungal infections between age groups should be considered for optimal selection of the appropriate therapeutic regimen.

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Section: Tinea Capitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Dermatophyte infections in children compared to adults in Germany: a retrospective multicenter study in Germany

Kromer

Celis

Hipler

et al. 2021

J Deutsche Derma Gesell

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“…Non-mycological investigations like dermoscopy in case of tinea capitis, and Wood's lamp examination in case of suspected Microsporum sp., and T. schoenleinii infections, are available, and can be used. 9 However, the use of Wood's lamp examination in the current scenario is irrelevant.…”

Section: Nonmycological Tests For Dermatophytosesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The unprecedented epidemic-like scenario of dermatophytosis in India: II. Diagnostic methods and taxonomical aspects

Verma¹,

Panda²,

Nenoff³

et al. 2021

IJDVL

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Trichophyton (T.)mentagrophytes now accounts for an overwhelming majority of clinical cases in India, a new “Indian genotype” (T. mentagrophytes ITS genotype VIII) having been isolated from skin samples obtained from cases across a wide geographical distribution in this country. The conventional diagnostic methods, like fungal culture, are, however, inadequate for diagnosing this agent. Thus, molecular methods of diagnosis are necessary for proper characterization of the causative agent. The shift in the predominant agent of dermatophytosis from T. rubrum to T. mentagrophytes, within a relatively short span of time, is without historic parallel. The apparent ease of transmission of a zoophilic fungus among human hosts can also be explained by means of mycological phenomena, like anthropization.

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“…Guidelines on tinea capitis management should be adapted regarding this emerging resistance phenomenon. British guidelines from 2014 do not mention this relatively new observation [ 56 ], and the recent German published guidelines do not focus enough attention on this new phenomenon of resistance among dermatophytes even though this phenomenon has been well described since 2017 [ 57 ]. In Belgium, there are no recent published guidelines that mention terbinafine resistance for the management of recalcitrant tinea capitis, the last one being from 2004, when nothing about the molecular characterization of the SQLE resistance was yet known [ 58 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Belgian National Survey on Tinea Capitis: Epidemiological Considerations and Highlight of Terbinafine-Resistant T. mentagrophytes with a Mutation on SQLE Gene

Sacheli

Harag

Dehavay

et al. 2020

JoF

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Background: In this last decade, a huge increase in African anthropophilic strains causing tinea capitis has been observed in Europe. The Belgian National Reference Center for Mycosis (NRC) conducted a surveillance study on tinea capitis in 2018 to learn the profile of circulating dermatophytes. Methods: Belgian laboratories were invited to send all dermatophyte strains isolated from the scalp with epidemiological information. Strain identification was confirmed by ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) sequencing. Mutation in the squalene epoxidase (SQLE) gene was screened by PCR. Results: The main population affected by tinea capitis was children from 5–9 years. Males were more affected than females. The majority of the strains were collected in the Brussels area followed by the Liege area. Among known ethnic origins, African people were more affected by tinea capitis than European people. The major aetiological agent was Microsporum audouinii, followed by Trichophyton soudanense. One strain of Trichophyton mentagrophytes has been characterized to have a mutation on the squalene epoxidase gene and to be resistant to terbinafine. Conclusions: African anthropophilic dermatophytes are mainly responsible for tinea capitis in Belgium. People of African origin are most affected by tinea capitis. The monitoring of terbinafine resistance among dermatophytes seems necessary as we have demonstrated the emergence of resistance in T. mentagrophytes.

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S1 guidelines: Tinea capitis

Cited by 39 publications

References 110 publications

Dermatophyte infections in children compared to adults in Germany: a retrospective multicenter study in Germany

Dermatophyte infections in children compared to adults in Germany: a retrospective multicenter study in Germany

The unprecedented epidemic-like scenario of dermatophytosis in India: II. Diagnostic methods and taxonomical aspects

Belgian National Survey on Tinea Capitis: Epidemiological Considerations and Highlight of Terbinafine-Resistant T. mentagrophytes with a Mutation on SQLE Gene

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