S-Rich CdS1−yTey Thin Films Produced by the Spray Pyrolysis Technique

Ikhmayies, Shadia J.

doi:10.3390/en9040234

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The CdS-CdTe solid solutions can grow in the cubic (zinc blende) phase, the hexagonal (wurtzite) phase or the mixed (cubic and hexagonal) phase [6,7]. CdTe1−xSx has the crystallographic form of the zinc blende (ZB) with space group (F-43m) structure, and CdS1−yTey the wurtzite (WZ) structure with space group (P63mc).…”

Section: Structural Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mixed phase of the CdS-CdTe system shows a large miscibility gap that depends on temperature in which both phases (cubic and hexagonal) are present. Compaan and Bohn [6,11] found that the miscibility gap of CdTe1−xSx spans the range between x = 0.16 to x = 0.86 at a temperature of T = 650°C, Duenow et al [9] showed that it spans the range between x = 0.058 and x = 0.97 at a temperature of 415°C. Single-phase films that exist within this gap are not in thermodynamic equilibrium, and hence, one should expect a large driving force for decomposition or phase separation in the material [11].…”

Section: Structural Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A schematic of the superstrate configuration of the SnO 2 /CdS/CdTe thin film solar cell, where the solid solutions on both sides are shown. Note: Drawing is not to scale [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Properties of the CdSxTe1-x solid solution: As a single product and as a part of the CdS/CdTe solar cell

Ikhmayies

2017

Journal of Energy Systems

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Thin film CdS/CdTe solar cells are promising candidates for large-scale photovoltaics. The CdS x Te 1-x solid solution is always formed at the interface between the CdS window layer and CdTe absorber layer due to the intermixing at the interface region. It is confirmed that this interdiffusion process significantly affects the device performance. This occurs through several things of which are changing the bandgap of both CdTe and CdS, which modifies the spectral response of the solar cell, and reducing the lattice mismatch at the CdS/CdTe junction which results in the reduction of the number of interfacial states and recombination centers. This work gives a short review of the properties of this solid solution in two cases; first, when it is produced as a separate product (i.e. powder or thin films), and second when it is part of the solar cell (i.e. created due to interdiffusion or introduced as a layer between CdS and CdTe).

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Section: Structural Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Structural Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Properties of the CdSxTe1-x solid solution: As a single product and as a part of the CdS/CdTe solar cell

Ikhmayies

2017

Journal of Energy Systems

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“…Cadmium sulfide is one of the most studied semiconductors for the photocatalytic hydrogen ion reduction, − CO 2 reduction, − and photovoltaics. ,, This is due to its small band gap energy (ca. 2.3–2.6 eV) and suitable band energy alignment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between the Photocatalytic Hydrogen Ion Reduction and Charge Carrier Dynamics of Pt/Cd_1–xNi_xS Catalysts

et al. 2019

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The performance of a semiconductor photocatalyst is affected by bulk and surface doping because of changes in the charge carrier dynamics. Finding relationships between these changes upon doping and catalytic performance offers needed information for the fundamental understanding of the overall catalytic reaction. In this work, the electron transfer for the hydrogen ion reduction reaction over a prototype Pt/CdS catalyst doped with Ni2+ cations (Cd0.99Ni0.01S) was studied using fs-pump probe transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS) under photocatalytic reaction conditions. Cd0.99Ni0.01S is composed of both hexagonal and cubic phases (X-ray diffraction) with average particles of 7 nm in size (transmission electron microscopy). TAS of Cd0.99Ni0.01S in the presence and absence of a hole scavenger (benzyl alcohol) and in the presence and absence of Pt particles helped to further probe into the origin of the two most pronounced transient signals in the 400–800 nm range. These are the ground-state bleaching at ca. 480 nm and the photoinduced absorption signal at ca. 600 nm. The first is largely linked to electron de-excitation lifetime and the latter to hole lifetime. From the decay kinetics under catalytic reaction conditions, it was possible to compute for the charge transfer yields (ϕ) from the semiconductor to the Pt metal particles (electron transfer) and from the benzyl alcohol to the semiconductor (hole trapping). The rate of the photocatalytic hydrogen production shows a positive relationship with the decay kinetics obtained by fs-pump probe measurements. While the photocatalytic reaction rates were found to be constant for successive runs, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Pt 4f and Ni 2p lines of the used catalyst showed a decrease in their content. Thus, care needs to be taken when relying solely on reaction rate measurements to test for catalytic stability.

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“…Theoretical calculations suggest a maximum efficiency around 30% in CdTe-based solar cells (Santana-Aranda and Melendez-Lira, 2000;Morales-Acevedo, 2006). An interdiffusion process occurring at the CdS-CdTe interface during cell production has been pointed out as one of the efficiency limiting factors (Hadrich et al, 2009;Ikhmayies, 2016). Thus, it is important to have a full understanding of the properties of ternary compound CdS x Te 1-x .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural, Optical and Photoconductive Properties of Thermally Evaporated CdSxTe1-x Thin Films

Gaewdang¹,

Wongcharoen²

2017

CMUJNS

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The formation of a CdS x Te 1-x layer by the interdiffusion of S into the CdTe and of Te into CdS films occurs during the fabrication of CdS/CdTe thin film solar cells. The CdS x Te 1-x layer is thought to be important because the real electrical junction is located in this interdiffused CdS x Te 1-x region. Thus, it is important to have a full understanding of the physical properties of CdS x Te 1-x alloy thin films. In this study, CdS x Te 1-x thin films with composition 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 were prepared by thermal evaporation method on glass substrate using powder of pure CdS and CdTe compounds pressed in pellet form as the source in a vacuum of 5.5 10 -5 mbar. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed that the films exhibited a cubic zincblende structure with the preferred orientation of (111) plane when x ˂ 0.2. However, when x ≥ 0.8, they had a hexagonal wurtzite structure with the preferred orientation of (002) plane. For the composition 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.6, the cubic and hexagonal phases coexisted in the system and the films became less preferentially oriented. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to study the morphological features of the samples. The transmission spectra of the films were studied using a double beam spectrophotometer in the wavelength range of 300-900 nm. Optical band gap value of the films was determined from the transmittance spectra. The variation of band gap (E g ) with composition (x) of the films was in good agreement with the quadratic form, giving a bowing parameter of (b) =1.85 eV. From the transient photoconductivity measurements, persistent photoconductivity (PPC) behavior was observed. The decay current data fit better with multiple exponential functions, resulting in five slow decay times. The longest carrier lifetime of approximately 6,000 s was observed in the films with x = 0.8. Density of trap states corresponding to decay time was also evaluated from the decay current data.

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S-Rich CdS1−yTey Thin Films Produced by the Spray Pyrolysis Technique

Cited by 5 publications

References 36 publications

Properties of the CdSxTe1-x solid solution: As a single product and as a part of the CdS/CdTe solar cell

Properties of the CdSxTe1-x solid solution: As a single product and as a part of the CdS/CdTe solar cell

Relationship between the Photocatalytic Hydrogen Ion Reduction and Charge Carrier Dynamics of Pt/Cd_1–xNi_xS Catalysts

Structural, Optical and Photoconductive Properties of Thermally Evaporated CdSxTe1-x Thin Films

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S-Rich CdS1−yTey Thin Films Produced by the Spray Pyrolysis Technique

Cited by 5 publications

References 36 publications

Properties of the CdSxTe1-x solid solution: As a single product and as a part of the CdS/CdTe solar cell

Properties of the CdSxTe1-x solid solution: As a single product and as a part of the CdS/CdTe solar cell

Relationship between the Photocatalytic Hydrogen Ion Reduction and Charge Carrier Dynamics of Pt/Cd1–xNixS Catalysts

Structural, Optical and Photoconductive Properties of Thermally Evaporated CdSxTe1-x Thin Films

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Relationship between the Photocatalytic Hydrogen Ion Reduction and Charge Carrier Dynamics of Pt/Cd_1–xNi_xS Catalysts