“…In related literature, researchers in service systems have also highlighted the IoT as a human-centric smart service system (Leminen, Westerlund, Rajahonka, & Siuruainen, 2012) and the need for new methodologies and research to study the 'whole', since the assemblage or system, as more than the sum of its parts, is irreducible to its parts (Spohrer, Maglio, Bailey, & Gruhl, 2007;Ng, Maull, & Yip, 2009;Ng, Maull, & Smith, 2011). Research into service systems have also highlighted the need to empirically investigate system-theoretic constructs such as boundaries, variety, agency, emergence, and value of a service system (Ng, Badinelli, Dinauta, Halliday, Löbler, & Polese, 2012).…”