S-100b and neuron-specific enolase in patients with fulminant hepatic failure

Abstract

Patients with fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) frequently develop cerebral edema and intracranial hypertension. The aim of this study was to evaluate circulating S-100b and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) levels as markers of neurological outcome in patients with FHF. In a subgroup of patients, the cerebral flux of S-100b and NSE was measured. We included 35 patients with FHF, 6 patients with acute on chronic liver disease (AOCLD), 13 patients with cirrhosis of the liver without hepatic encephalopathy, and 8 healthy subjects. Blood samples were obtained from catheters placed in the radial artery and internal jugular bulb. The net cerebral flux of S-100b and NSE was measured, and the effect of short-term hyperventilation, as well as the effect of high-volume plasmapheresis, on circulating levels of these two biomarkers was determined. Blood levels of S-100b were greater in patients with FHF and AOCLD than patients with cirrhosis and healthy subjects (

Down’s syndrome, neuroinflammation, and Alzheimer neuropathogenesis

“…Even seemingly minor head trauma in children and young adults is associated with elevated blood levels of S100B [94,95]. In addition to increased expression of S100B in activated astrocytes in neurological conditions, systemic diseases such as mild to severe liver disease is characterized by dramatic increases in astrocyte-derived S100B expression, encephalopathy, and cognitive decline [96,97]. …”

AASLD position paper: The management of acute liver failure

“…85 Other methods of monitoring (such as transcranial doppler ultrasonography, near-infrared spectrophotometry, and measurement of serum S-100 beta and neuronal specific enolase) that are in various stages of evaluation have thus far not been proven reliable in estimatingICP. [86][87][88][89] A primary purpose of ICP monitoring is to detect elevations in ICP and reductions in cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP; calculated as mean arterial pressure minus ICP) so that interventions can be made to prevent herniation while preserving brain perfusion. The ultimate goal of such measures is to maintain neurological integrity and prolong survival while awaiting receipt of a donor organ or recovery of sufficient functioning hepatocyte mass.…”

Acute Liver Failure in Adults: Etiology, Clinical Manifestations, Methods of Correction

“…Пока не доказали свою надежность такие методы мониторирования ВЧД, как транскраниальная допплеровская ультра-сонография, спектроскопия в ближней инфракрас-ной области, измерение сывороточных S-110 бета и нейроспецифической энолазы [30,42,54,56]. До сих пор нет единого мнения о необходимости использования мониторов для определения и ди-намического контроля ВЧД.…”