Rutin improves spatial memory in Alzheimer's disease transgenic mice by reducing Aβ oligomer level and attenuating oxidative stress and neuroinflammation

Effects of Walnut Polyphenol on Learning and Memory Functions in Hypercholesterolemia Mice

“…Epidemiological studies suggest that high level of cholesterol increases Aβ generation and inhibits α-secretase via activation of both β-and γ-secretases and that hypercholesterolemia increases Aβ levels in the brain [58]. The increased Aβ and Aβ aggregates induced the generation of oxygen free radicals and contributed to learning and memory impairment [23]. In this study, the level of cholesterol was significant increase in HFDtreated mice when compared to normal mice and WPtreated mice.…”

“…One unit of SOD is defined as the enzyme required to produce 50% inhibition of pyrogallol auto-oxidation, and date were expressed as units per milliliter of serum protein. MDA is produced during lipid peroxidation and can be determined by the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test [23,34]. MDA reacted with TBA to form MDA-(TBA) 2 , a red-colored product with maximum absorbance at 532 nm.…”

“…For MDA measurement, the brain extracts were added to the detection solution of MDA in eppendorf tubes and then boiled for 40 min. After centrifugation at 4000 rpm/min for 10 min, the supernatant was collected in a 96-well plate and then determined using an MD-M5 microplate reader at 532 nm [23,34].…”

“…Previous researches have clearly found that polyphenols might protect from cognitive impairment due to their antioxidant [21,22]. Moreover, it has been reported that rutin and caffeine as antioxidant substances have beneficial effects on memory function [23,24]. Walnut is rich in polyphenols and contains numerous ellagitannins [25,26], walnut polyphenol not only has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity but improves interneuronal signaling and increases neurogenesis [27,28].…”

Activity Evaluation and Toxicological Profile of New Potential Metal Protein Attenuating Compounds in Biological Models of Alzheimer S Disease

“…The reductive capacity of GSH is determined by the thiol group present in the cysteine residue, which has the primary function of serving as a substrate in redox reactions (Damasceno et al, 2002). Several scientific studies have monitored this tripeptide with the purpose of evaluating the oxidative stress related to Alzheimer's disease (Saharan & Mandal, 2014;Subash et al, 2014;Xu et al, 2014).…”