Rutile TiO₂ Inverse Opal Anodes for Li‐Ion Batteries with Long Cycle Life, High‐Rate Capability, and High Structural Stability

Abstract

Access to the full text of the published version may require a subscription. phase and material interconnectivity is maintained over thousands of cycles. Consequently, this report offers insight into the importance of optimizing the relationship between the structure and morphology on improving electrochemical performance of this abundant and low environmental impact material. TiO2 IOs show gradual capacity fading over 1000 and 5000 cycles, when cycled at specific currents of 75 and 450 mA/g, respectively, while maintaining a high capacity and a stable overall cell voltage. TiO2 IOs achieve a reversible 2 capacity of ~ 170 and 140 mAh/g after the 100 th and 1000 th cycles respectively, at a specific current of 75 mA/g, corresponding to a capacity retention of ~ 82.4%. The structural stability of the 3D IO phase from pristine rutile TiO2 to the conductive orthorhombic Li0.5TiO2 is remarkable and maintains it structural integrity. Image analysis shows conclusively that volumetric swelling is accommodated into the predefined pore space, the IO periodicity remains constant and does not degrade over 5000 cycles. Rights

Three-dimensional ordered porous electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage

“…Interestingly, another 3DOP rutile TiO 2 electrode presents an initial discharge capacity of up to 608 mAh g −1 , which is much higher than the theoretical capacity for TiO 2 (168 mAh g −1 for Li 0.5 TiO 2 or 336 mAh g −1 for LiTiO 2 ) 36 . Such high capacity mainly results from some formed defects that serve as additional chargecompensation sites.…”

“…During the repeated insertion and removal of Li ions, the nanowalls in these 3DOP rutile TiO 2 electrodes are swollen but still maintain the 3DOP structure very well even after 1000 and 5000 cycles ( Fig. 2c), demonstrating an extremely high level of structural integrity 36 . Thus another advantage of the 3DOP electrode is that its periodic OP structure allows the interconnected walls to expand into the empty pores, preventing the walls from becoming pulverized.…”

V2O3 Polycrystalline Nanorod Cathode Materials for Li‐Ion Batteries with Long Cycle Life and High Capacity Retention

“…Vanadium oxides have been the subject of much research as Li‐ion battery materials due to the multiple oxidation states of vanadium. Previous reports investigating the electrochemical performance of V 2 O 5 as a cathode material have used a potential window of 4.0–1.2 V, which is quite a low potential window considering that TiO 2 anode materials are typically cycled from 3.0–1.0 V, demonstrating that there can be crossover in the potential windows used for cathode and anode materials.…”

Additive‐Free Nb2O5−TiO2 Hybrid Anode towards Low‐Cost and Safe Lithium‐Ion Batteries: A Green Electrode Material Produced in an Environmentally Friendly Process

“…An inspiring electrochemical performance of the hybrid Nb 2 O 5 ÀTiO 2 electrode is not only better than single-phase electrode of either Nb 2 O 5 or TiO 2 , but also even better than other reported additive-based Nb 2 O 5 and TiO 2 systems, as summarized in Table S1. [12,16,19,38,[52][53][54][55][56][57][58] The superior electrochemical performance of the Nb 2 O 5 ÀTiO 2 (1 h) electrode over Nb 2 O 5 ÀTiO 2 (0.5 h), Nb 2 O 5 ÀTiO 2 (2 h), Nb 2 O 5 (1 h) and TiO 2 (1 h) electrodes can be credited to its distinctive electrode architecture and synergistic effects between component as described below:…”