Ruthenium-Red-Stained Anionic Charges of Rat and Mice Mesothelial Cells and Basal Lamina: The Peritoneum Is a Negatively Charged Dialyzing Membrane

Gotloib, Lázaro; Shostack, A; Jaichenko, José

doi:10.1159/000184872

Cited by 52 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The observed rates of change between both compartments fitted the equation of first-order kinetics [17], A deeper and more analytical approach to the problem of perito neal permeability was developed by Nolph [18], who individualized in his model of the peritoneal dialysis system the several layers of biological membranes inter posed between blood and dialysate. It has been shown that some of these layers have net negative charge [19]. Concurrently, this study demonstrates that most of fenes tral diaphragms as well as the subendothelial basement membrane of mouse mesenteric capillaries also held net negative electric charges.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Anionic Fixed Charges in the Fenestrated Capillaries of the Mouse Mesentery

Gotloib¹,

Shostak²,

Jaichenko³

et al. 1990

Nephron

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Previous studies showed the existence of submesothelial fenestrated capillaries in the human parietal and rabbit diaphragmatic peritoneum, as well as in the mouse mesentery. The present study demonstrates the presence of electronegative fixed charges at the luminal aspect of endothelial cells, as well as along the subendothelial basement membrane of the fenestrated capillaries of the mouse mesentery. This situation will eventually preclude the transfenestral passage of anionic plasma proteins. On the other hand, fenestrated capillaries are much more permeable to water and small-molecular-size solutes than those of the continuous type. Therefore, the high hydraulic conductivity of fenestrae may well imply that a substantial part of water and small solutes leave the blood compartment through the fenestral channels.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Anionic Fixed Charges in the Fenestrated Capillaries of the Mouse Mesentery

Gotloib¹,

Shostak²,

Jaichenko³

et al. 1990

Nephron

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“…Although their physiological significance is less clear, the working hypothesis is that they retard the passage of molecules of similar charge a n d /o r accelerate that of molecules with opposite polarity. This is certainly true of anionic charges on glomerular and intestinal capillaries [5][6][7], Previous studies in our laboratory showed the exis tence of anionic charges on the peritoneal basement membrane and capillaries subjacent to it [8,9]. Recently we demonstrated that these charges are greatly reduced under conditions of local or generalized inflammation (during peritonitis and sepsis), reverting to normal num bers within 14 days after the acute phase of the episode [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Anionic charges are present at the various levels of the peritoneal barrier: microvilli, basement membrane, ca pillaries [8,9], Inflammatory mediators like bradykinin and histamine have little effect on urea clearance across it [36] and the polycation polyethyleneimine increases only water transport [37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protamine Sulfate Induces Enhanced Peritoneal Permeability to Proteins

Galdi¹,

Shostak²,

Jaichenko³

et al. 1991

Nephron

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We present a direct link between the neutralization of anionic sites by intraperitoneal protamine and a rise in protein passage to the peritoneal cavity during isosmotic peritoneal dialysis in rabbits. Each experiment included two 1-hour exchanges. No drugs were added in the first exchange. In group A (control) there were no drugs in the second hour either. In group B, protamine (50 μg/ml) was added to the second exchange volume. In group C, protamine and heparin (50 U/ml) were added. In groups A and C, appearance curves of metabolites during the first (baseline) and the second (experimental) hours were not statistically different. In group B, differences for urea, glucose and uric acid were not significant, but they were highly so for protein (increase of 100%, p < 0.01). Transperitoneal passage of albumin is substantially enhanced by protamine. Neutralization of protamine with heparin prevents this, showing that availability of anionic sites is the crucial limiting factor. Protamine did not significantly affect the transfer of small neutral molecules.

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“…Injury to the mesothelium represents an important initiating step, leading to the progressive histologic changes of the peritoneum in peritoneal dialysis (PD). The abundant anionic sites normally present in the mesothelium and the underlying basement membrane prevent excessive albumin wastage (5)(6)(7)(8). Proteoglycans (PG), which are anionic macromolecules present ubiquitously on the cell surface and in basement membrane (9,10), are putatively major contributors to the anionic sites in the peritoneum.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of Perlecan Synthesis and Induction of TGF-β1 in Human Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells Due to High Dialysate Glucose Concentration

Yung¹,

Chen²,

Tsang³

et al. 2004

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

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Abstract. Prolonged exposure of the peritoneal mesothelium to high dialysate glucose concentrations reduces anionic sites that are critical to its selective permeability, thereby impairing the peritoneal transport properties in patients on long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD). Perlecan, an anionic heparan sulfate proteoglycan, is pivotal to the selective permeability of basement membranes, and high glucose concentrations modulate its synthesis in mesangial cells. The effect of glucose on perlecan expression in the peritoneal mesothelium has not been established. We investigated perlecan expression in peritoneal biopsies from patients on PD, and the effect of high glucose concentrations on perlecan synthesis in cultured human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMC). Peritoneal biopsies from PD patients showed reduced perlecan expression compared with controls. Exposure of HPMC to high glucose concentrations resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in the synthesis of perlecan polypeptide and its deposition into the extracellular matrix. These effects were mediated in part through the induction of TGF-␤1. Characterization studies showed that perlecan synthesized by HPMC contained solely heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan (HS GAG) chains, and [35 S]-incorporation studies demonstrated progressive reduction of their de novo synthesis with increasing glucose concentrations (68142 Ϯ 3658, 48147 Ϯ 2517, 31468 Ϯ 5781, and 25575 Ϯ 3621 cpm/g cellular protein for 5 mM, 30 mM, 75 mM, and 120 mM D-glucose, respectively; P Ͻ 0.001 for 5 mM versus 30 mM D-glucose, and P Ͻ 0.0001 for 5 mM versus 75 mM or 120 mM D-glucose). Both the length and the charge density of the HS GAG chains remained unchanged. Reduction of peritoneal perlecan expression in long-term PD was attributed to high dialysate glucose concentrations, which induced TGF-␤1 and reduced perlecan synthesis in HPMC. Since perlecan can sequester growth factors, thereby modulating cell migration and differentiation perturbation of peritoneal perlecan expression contributes to the structural and functional changes of the peritoneum in long-term PD.

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Ruthenium-Red-Stained Anionic Charges of Rat and Mice Mesothelial Cells and Basal Lamina: The Peritoneum Is a Negatively Charged Dialyzing Membrane

Cited by 52 publications

References 17 publications

Anionic Fixed Charges in the Fenestrated Capillaries of the Mouse Mesentery

Anionic Fixed Charges in the Fenestrated Capillaries of the Mouse Mesentery

Protamine Sulfate Induces Enhanced Peritoneal Permeability to Proteins

Reduction of Perlecan Synthesis and Induction of TGF-β1 in Human Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells Due to High Dialysate Glucose Concentration

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