Russia's Counterterrorism Operation in Chechnya: Institutional Competition and Issue Frames

Campana, Aurélie; Légaré, Kathia

doi:10.1080/1057610x.2011.531458

Cited by 15 publications

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“…Moscow and the Kadyrov administration used the international context of the 'War on Terror' (Campana and Légaré 2010) in order to wage a new form of counter-insurgency mixing extreme repression based on co-ethnic intelligence (Lyall 2010), an economic strategy based on reconstruction and economic development (Basnukaev and Merlin 2013;Basnukaev 2014), and the establishment of new parameters in the religious and political spheres to a de facto Chechen independence (Lokshina 2014;Vatchagaev 2014). In other words, Kadyrov was able to unite different political forces in the republic and build a power system under his command (Lokshina 2007;Dannreuther and March 2010;Russell 2011;.…”

Section: Chechenization: a New Counter-insurgency Model?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some researchers have challenged the claims made by political actors by looking at the securitization process associated with the Second Chechen War and 9/11 and the association between international terrorism and the Chechen insurgency. They have demonstrated how the Russian government used the international context and the counterterrorist discourse in order to frame the Chechen liberation struggle as part of the War on Terror (Cornell 2001;Baev 2004;Bacon, Renz, and Cooper 2007;Snetkov 2007;Le Huérou and Regamey 2008;Wills and Moore 2008;Campana and Légaré 2010). 6.…”

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confidence: 98%

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A critical assessment of the scholarship on violent conflicts in the North Caucasus during the post-Soviet period

Ratelle

2015

CASU

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This article provides an in-depth literature review of the different trends and debates in the English academic literature on the violent conflicts in the North Caucasus during the postSoviet period. This literature review is separated into three major debates and focused on four major themes that consistently appear in the study of violent conflicts in the North Caucasus: nationalism and identity (grievance), criminality and opportunism (greed), repression (revenge and trauma), and religion (radicalization). The first debate concentrates on the structural factors explaining mass mobilization in the North Caucasus following the end of the Soviet Union. The second debate underscores the role of religious radicalization in mobilization patterns in Chechnya and the North Caucasus, as well as its potential links with other conflicts (Afghanistan and Syria) and the importance of suicide bombings. Finally, the third debate focuses on the study of counter-insurgency and counterterrorism, the development of the Caucasus Emirate, and the diffusion of insurgent violence across the region. The article concludes by underlining the need to engage on a larger theorization of violent mobilization in the North Caucasus seeking to integrate structural, organizational and individual variables linking the global dynamics and local specificities of the region.

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Section: Chechenization: a New Counter-insurgency Model?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 98%

A critical assessment of the scholarship on violent conflicts in the North Caucasus during the post-Soviet period

Ratelle

2015

CASU

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“…The Putin/Medvedev administrations framed secessionist conflict in Chechnya and Abkhazia/South Ossetia in very different ways (for further information on framing in Chechnya, see Campana & Légaré, 2010). Chechen separatists were framed as "terrorists," "bandits," and "criminals," among other terms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Chechnya, a republic of Russia with longstanding secessionist movement, the Putin administration has framed any outstanding separatist claims in conjunction with terrorism and religious and national extremism. In essence, any secessionist overtures have been framed in light of terrorism (Pokalova, 2010;Campana & Légaré, 2010). In Abkhazia and South Ossetia, territories within the Republic of Georgia with their own secessionist demands (Kaufman, 2001), the Putin administration has instead promoted the image of freedom loving national groups fighting against Georgian aggression, regardless of methodic ethnic cleansing of Georgians by Russian-backed local militias.…”

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confidence: 99%

Sovereignty issues in the Caucasus: contested ethnic and national identities in Chechnya, Abkhazia, and South Ossetia

Rukhadze

Duerr

2016

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Sovereignty issues in the Caucasus: contested ethnic and national identities in Chechnya, Abkhazia, and South OssetiaThe issue of sovereignty has been at the forefront of regional politics in the Caucasus since the dissolution of the USSR in 1991. In particular, the Russian government has approached various—seemingly similar cases—in very different ways. Although each specific region examined—Chechnya, Abkhazia, and South Ossetia—is unique, the nature of ethnic and national identity has been framed differently by the Russian government. In Chechnya, the Putin administration has framed any outstanding separatist claims in conjunction with terrorism and national security issues. In Abkhazia and South Ossetia, the Putin administration has instead noted the need for “liberation.” The outcome has been to stifle secessionist desires in Chechnya, while supporting those same secessionist desires outside of Russia’s borders, in Abkhazia and South Ossetia. Kwestia suwerenności na Kaukazie: kontestowane tożsamości etniczne i narodowe w Czeczenii, Abchazji i Osetii PołudniowejKwestia suwerenności wysunęła się na czołowe miejsce w polityce regionalnej na Kaukazie z chwilą rozpadu Związku Sowieckiego w 1991 roku. W istocie rząd rosyjski do poszczególnych, pozornie podobnych, przypadków podszedł w odmienny sposób. Aczkolwiek każdy z interesujących nas tutaj regionów – Czeczenia, Abchazja i Osetia Południowa – jest unikatowy, to charakter tożsamości etnicznej i narodowej został ujęty przez rząd rosyjski w inne ramy. W Czeczenii administracja Putina wiązała wysuwane tam roszczenia separatystyczne z terroryzmem i kwestiami bezpieczeństwa narodowego. Z kolei w Abchazji i Osetii Południowej Rosja dostrzegła potrzebę „wyzwolenia”. W efekcie nastąpiło stłumienie aspiracji do secesji w Czeczenii, podczas gdy poza granicami Rosji, w Abchazji i Osetii Południowej, te same dążenia secesjonistyczne zyskały sobie poparcie.

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“…Cette posture rhétorique tient tant à la définition du problème qu'à une volonté explicite de criminaliser les opposants à l'État 6 et de nier les dimensions politiques du conflit (Campana, 2014). Elle fait en cela suite aux stratégies, tant discursives que politiques et militaires, déployées lors du second conflit russo-tchétchène (Campana & Légaré, 2011). L'antiterrorisme russe 5.…”

Section: Les Stratégies Russes Entre Antiterrorisme Et Contre-insurreunclassified

Les échecs des politiques antiterroristes russes au Caucase du Nord

Campana

2014

crimino

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Cet article porte sur les dynamiques propres aux politiques russes antiterroristes au Caucase du Nord et analyse leurs impacts sur le conflit. Pour ce faire, il s’appuie sur le concept de configuration tel que développé par N. Elias. Il se propose de déconstruire les interdépendances qui lient les acteurs de l’antiterrorisme et d’en examiner la nature et les logiques. Il montre qu’il existe non seulement un décalage entre les discours et les pratiques, mais également une divergence d’intérêts et de croyances, que la prédominance du clanisme, du localisme et du clientélisme, comme modes d’interactions et principes organisationnels, ne fait qu’enraciner. Il explique les échecs des politiques antiterroristes par les jeux de pouvoir, qui à Moscou et au Nord-Caucase, entravent leur bonne mise en oeuvre, par l’absence de coordination et la compétition inter-agences et par le détournement de la violence à des fins privées. Il montre ainsi que loin de contenir le conflit, ces pratiques imputables aux différents acteurs impliqués dans la lutte anti-terroriste participent à la montée des violences et entretiennent un conflit aux logiques multiples.This article analyzes the dynamics of the Russian counter-terrorism policies in the North Caucasus and their effects on the conflict. Relying on Elias¹ concept of configuration, it deconstructs the interdependencies between the main actors involved in counter-terrorism and examines their nature and logic. It shows that there is not only a wide gap between discourses and actions implemented on the ground but also that the main counter-terrorist actors do not have the same interests and beliefs. The predominance of clanism, localism and clientelism as the main modes of interactions and organizational principles only strengthens the unwillingness of actors to work together. In so doing, it explains the failure of the counter-terrorism policies by focusing on the power games, which are taking place in Moscow as well in the North Caucasus ; the absence of coordination ; the inter-agency competition and the use of violence to meet private interests. It demonstrates that such practices fuel the upsurge of violence and nurture a conflict, which follows multiple logics.El presente artículo trata sobre las dinámicas propias a las políticas rusas antiterroristas en el Cáucaso Norte, y analiza sus impactos sobre el conflicto. Para ello, se basa sobre el concepto de configuración tal como lo desarrolla N. Elias. El artículo se propone deconstruir las interdependencias que unen los actores del antiterrorismo y examinar su naturaleza y sus lógicas. Se muestra que existe, no sólo una distancia entre los discursos y las prácticas, sino también una divergencia de intereses y de creencias, que el predominio del clan, del localismo y del clientelismo, como modos de interacciones y de principios organizacionales, no hace que enraizar. El texto explica el fracaso de las políticas antiterroristas por los juegos de poder que, en Moscú y en el Norte del Cáucaso, dificultan su buena implementación por la ...

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Russia's Counterterrorism Operation in Chechnya: Institutional Competition and Issue Frames

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

A critical assessment of the scholarship on violent conflicts in the North Caucasus during the post-Soviet period

A critical assessment of the scholarship on violent conflicts in the North Caucasus during the post-Soviet period

Sovereignty issues in the Caucasus: contested ethnic and national identities in Chechnya, Abkhazia, and South Ossetia

Les échecs des politiques antiterroristes russes au Caucase du Nord

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