Rural-Urban Migration and its Effect on Land Transfer in Rural China

Xu, Dingde; Yong, Zhuolin; Deng, Xin; Zhuang, Linmei; Chen, Qing

doi:10.3390/land9030081

Cited by 78 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(72 reference statements)

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“…This not only caused huge economic losses, but also brought serious pollution to the environment, water, soil, atmosphere, biology, and human health [4,9,10]. Interestingly, in recent years, replacing small farms with bigger ones seems to have become a popular solution among researchers to address the overuse of agricultural chemical fertilizer worldwide [11][12][13][14]. The promotion of large farms is in line with the mainstream claims on global agriculture [15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Farm Size, Risk Aversion and Overuse of Fertilizer: The Heterogeneity of Large-Scale and Small-Scale Wheat Farmers in Northern China

Hao

Lei

et al. 2021

Land

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The excessive use of fertilizer has resulted in serious environmental degradation and a high health cost in China. Understanding the reasons for the overuse of fertilizer is critical to the sustainable development of Chinese agriculture, and large-scale operation is considered as one of the measures to deal with the excessive fertilizer use. Under the premise of fully considering the resource endowment and heterogeneity of large-scale farmers and small-scale farmers in production and management, different production decision-making frameworks were constructed. Based on the 300 large-scale farmers and 480 small-scale farmers in eight provinces of northern China wheat region, we analyzed the optimal fertilizer use amount and its deviation as well as the influencing factors of small-scale and large-scale farmers, then further clarified whether the development of scale management could solve the problem of excessive fertilizer use. The empirical results show that: (1) both small-scale farmers and large-scale farmers deviated from the optimal fertilizer application amount, where the deviation degree of optimal fertilizer application of small-scale farmers is significantly higher than that of large-scale farmers, with a deviation degree of 35.43% and 23.69% for small and large scale farmers, respectively; (2) not all wheat growers in North China had the problem of excessive use of chemical fertilizer, as the optimal level of chemical fertilizer application in Heilongjiang and Inner Mongolia are 346.5 kgha−1 and 335.25 kgha−1, while the actual fertilizer use amount was 337.2 kgha−1 and 324.6 kgha−1, respectively; and (3) the higher the risk aversion level, farmers tended to apply more fertilizer to ensure grain output. Therefore, increasing farm size should be integrated into actions such as improving technological innovation and providing better information transfer to achieve the goal of zero-increase in Chinese fertilizer use.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Farm Size, Risk Aversion and Overuse of Fertilizer: The Heterogeneity of Large-Scale and Small-Scale Wheat Farmers in Northern China

Hao

Lei

et al. 2021

Land

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“…The livelihood strategies of the stayers largely kept pace with their depressed local industrial structure. The downturn in the processing industries generated off-farm employment [59] opportunities in these communities to support their livelihood. As a result, increasingly, the stayers have difficulty in properly arranging their time between the sowing and harvesting periods (Interviewee A1019).…”

Section: Livelihood Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

What about the “Stayers”? Examining China’s Resettlement Induced by Large Reservoir Projects

Jiang

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2021

Land

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Large reservoir projects typically occupy vast lots of rural land and trigger resettlement on a massive scale. In China’s reservoir context, increasing concerns have arisen regarding distant-resettlees (those who are resettled outside the reservoir area), while fewer studies have examined the nearby-resettlees (those who are resettled near the original area) and the non-movers (those who do not resettle). The significance of these two groups has been downplayed and their populations are in the millions (or more) in China. How and why they are impacted is under-researched and their relative position and intergroup nexus with the distant-resettlees remains unclear in the existing literature. To address this research gap, this paper incorporates the differences between nearby-resettlees and non-movers and collectively refers to them as the “stayers” as they are left behind in reservoir areas. Based on the background of reservoir-induced resettlement in present-day China, and a review of the project-induced impacts, we use Danjiangkou Reservoir as a case study. The findings indicate that the stayers are largely disadvantaged in terms of land assets, housing conditions, finance, infrastructure, industrialisation, livelihood strategies, and emotional impact, while many distant-resettlees are less affected or positively impacted in these aspects. Through the lens of the political nature of reservoir-induced resettlements, we interpret the gaps between the distant-resettlees and stayers. Finally, domestic and global policy implications and further comments are presented.

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“…Land transfer has many potential benefits such as reducing the size of cultivated land, improving the scale of management, promoting non-agricultural employment, ensuring national food security, and improving the flow of households (Li and Zhai, 2018;Tian and He, 2015;Tian and Li, 2014;Xu et al, 2020;Zeng, 2015). In the context of building a well-off society, it is essential to understand how to effectively implement the macro-level design of national land system reform and optimize the market-based allocation of land resources based on micro-level decisions by farmers, in order to achieve the reduction and ultimate eradication of poverty among farmers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How much land can households transfer out to achieve effective poverty reduction? Empirical evidence from China’s poverty-stricken areas

Cai

Liu

Xia

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Land transfer can promote land scale management, realize economies of scale, and improve scale efficiency. Considering the current level of social and economic development, choosing the most appropriate transfer scale can not only increase households’ income but also improve their capability. Based on survey data from rural households in China’s poverty-stricken areas, this paper uses the threshold regression model to analyze the nonlinear relationship between the land transfer-out scale selection and multidimensional poverty. An endogenous switching regression model, which comprehensively considers the bias and heterogeneity of sample selection, is used to analyze the effect of land transfer on multidimensional poverty. The study yields three main findings. First, the effect of transfer-out rate on the multidimensional poverty index (MPI) structurally changes when the rate reaches 0.7667. Second, based on counterfactual assumptions, we find that high transfer-out land scale can effectively reduce the MPI. Third, if high transfer-out scale households (> 0.7667) choose the low scale, the MPI will increase by 0.0378; if low transfer-out scale households (< 0.7667) have the opportunity to choose the high scale, the MPI will drop by 0.1297. Therefore, to achieve better poverty reduction effects in poor areas, policy maker must rationally guide farmers to transfer sufficient land to cross the threshold value for poverty reduction. The government should formulate different guidance strategies for households to transfer out land to improve their capability and avoid falling into multidimensional poverty. Finally, local governments can alleviate multidimensional poverty by increasing support in poor areas and developing the industrial economy.

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Rural-Urban Migration and its Effect on Land Transfer in Rural China

Cited by 78 publications

References 54 publications

Farm Size, Risk Aversion and Overuse of Fertilizer: The Heterogeneity of Large-Scale and Small-Scale Wheat Farmers in Northern China

Farm Size, Risk Aversion and Overuse of Fertilizer: The Heterogeneity of Large-Scale and Small-Scale Wheat Farmers in Northern China

What about the “Stayers”? Examining China’s Resettlement Induced by Large Reservoir Projects

How much land can households transfer out to achieve effective poverty reduction? Empirical evidence from China’s poverty-stricken areas

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