Runoff drainage, groundwater exploitation and irrigation with underground channels in Cappadocia: Meskendir Valley case-study

Burri, Ezio; Petitta, Marco

doi:10.1016/j.culher.2005.02.001

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…It is defined by the ignimbrite layers consisting of recent permeable pyroclastics where gaps with hydraulic connection are developed [85][86][87][88]. This favors different groundwater levels that are mostly shallow (e.g., [89][90][91]). On the other hand, ridge type structures have been proposed to have resulted from slip along buried faults that have a listric profile, generating flat portions of the faults that may be mechanically controlled by the stratigraphy of the deforming units [74,75].…”

Section: The Role Of the Eruption Location On Water Availabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Features That Favor the Prediction of the Emplacement Location of Maar Volcanoes: A Case Study in the Central Andes, Northern Chile

et al. 2020

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Maar volcanoes are monogenetic landforms whose craters cut below the pre-eruptive surface and are surrounded by a tephra ring. Both the maar crater and the surrounding tephra rim deposits are typically formed due to magma–water explosive interactions. Northern Chile is located in the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes where, in literature, 14 maars have been recognized as parasite (6) and individual (8) volcanoes. Amongst these individual maars, 3 of them, namely the Tilocálar Sur, Cerro Tujle, and Cerro Overo volcanoes, are not related to calderas and were emplaced <1 Ma ago by magmatic explosive-effusive and phreatomagmatic eruptions. Based on the evolution and control of the volcanic eruptive styles of these three maars, which have been determined in previous research through fieldwork, stratigraphic, morphometric, textural (density and vesicularity), petrographic, and geochemical analyses, a set of key features that favor a prediction of the emplacement location of maar volcanoes in Central Andes, northern Chile are proposed. The set of features that permit and favor the growth mechanisms for maar formations corresponds to (i) a compressive tectonic setting (e.g., ridge structures), (ii) groundwater recharge (e.g., snowmelt and seasonal rainfall), (iii) the lithological setting (e.g., layers of low permeability), (iv) the presence of aquifer and/or endorheic basins (e.g., lakes or salars), and (v) a period of stress relaxation that permits magma ascent to the surface in volcanically active areas. Considering these characteristics, it is possible to identify places where phreatomagmatic eruption can occur. If the magma ascent flux is lower than the groundwater flux, this can lead to a phreatomagmatic eruption because of groundwater coming into contact with the magma. These eruptive features evidence internal—and external—factors that play an essential role in the transition from explosive-effusive magmatic to phreatomagmatic volcanic eruption styles during the same eruptive period that is one of the biggest challenges in volcanic hazard evaluations. Although, in this contribution, a set of features that permit and favor the growth mechanisms for a prediction of the emplacement location of maars in northern Chile is proposed, these considerations could also be applied to identify potential locations in other parts of the world where magma–water interaction eruption could occur. Therefore, this approach could be useful in the prediction of hydromagmatic volcanic eruptions and, thus, in mitigating the impact of volcanic hazard for the inhabitants of the surrounding areas.

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Section: The Role Of the Eruption Location On Water Availabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Features That Favor the Prediction of the Emplacement Location of Maar Volcanoes: A Case Study in the Central Andes, Northern Chile

et al. 2020

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“…Scarce water supplies were either collected or diverted by local inhabitants using wells, adit systems, cisterns, water harvesting, floodwater farming, runoff farming and diversion systems to name but a few techniques (Herold, 1965;Biswas, 1967;Helms 1981;Gardener, 1985;Hunt et al, 1986;Bruins et al, 1986;Gilbertson, 1986;Barker, 1996;Gilbertson et al, 1994;Prinz and Malik, 2002;Elvin, 2004;Barker et al, 2007). However knowledge of the hydrological and hydraulic characteristics of these systems remains scant in spite of the abundance of archaeological studies of such systems (Stager Lawrence, 1976;Barker, 1996;Burri and Petitta, 2005;. This seems all the more puzzling given the fact that the techniques for doing such hydrological surveys have been known about since the late 1960s and 1970s (Evenari et al, 1968;Farrington and Park, 1978) and have only occasionally re-emerged despite acceptance that simple and quick to use techniques can provide valuable information that can be applied to present day conditions (Gale and Hunt, 1986) whilst GIS and DEM technology allows for improvements of these techniques where a more long term survey can be used (Lavee et al, 1997;Ackermann et al, 2008;Frot et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrology of the combination irrigation system in the Wadi Faynan, Jordan

Crook

2009

Journal of Archaeological Science

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Original article can be found at : http://www.sciencedirect.com/ Copyright ElsevierThe field system of the Wadi Faynan in southern Jordan was fed by an ancient combination irrigation system that incorporated runoff farming and diversion irrigation techniques. The hydraulic characteristics of this system were most probably designed to take advantage of the confluence of three tributary streams. A theoretical model of discharge produced by runoff is based on contemporary ground conditions and historic climate reconstructions. The design principles of the main hydraulic features are examined and velocity and discharge measurements in principal conveyance irrigation channels are reconstructed. The design of this hydraulic system took into account the environmental constraints and opportunities of the area and maximized different sources of water in the catchment using various techniques of water collection

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A priori mapping of historical water-supply galleries based on archive records and sparse material remains. An application to the Amaniel qanat (Madrid, Spain)

Martínez‐Santos¹,

Martínez-Alfaro²

2014

Journal of Cultural Heritage

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Runoff drainage, groundwater exploitation and irrigation with underground channels in Cappadocia: Meskendir Valley case-study

Cited by 5 publications

References 2 publications

Features That Favor the Prediction of the Emplacement Location of Maar Volcanoes: A Case Study in the Central Andes, Northern Chile

Features That Favor the Prediction of the Emplacement Location of Maar Volcanoes: A Case Study in the Central Andes, Northern Chile

Hydrology of the combination irrigation system in the Wadi Faynan, Jordan

A priori mapping of historical water-supply galleries based on archive records and sparse material remains. An application to the Amaniel qanat (Madrid, Spain)

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