Run to Failure: Aging of Commercial Battery Cells beyond Their End of Life

Ziegler, Andreas; Oeser, David; Hein, Thiemo; Montesinos‐Miracle, Daniel; Ackva, Ansgar

doi:10.3390/en13081858

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…But operation at low temperatures may also cause premature aging of batteries through phenomena irreversible and some-times even security problems. In the literature [60] [61] [62], there are several types of thermal management, they can be classified according to the technique used: by air, by liquid, and by phase change material.…”

Section: Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Empowering the Future: Exploring the Construction and Characteristics of Lithium-Ion Batteries

Dan

2024

ACES

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Lithium element has attracted remarkable attraction for energy storage devices, over the past 30 years. Lithium is a light element and exhibits the low atomic number 3, just after hydrogen and helium in the periodic table. The lithium atom has a strong tendency to release one electron and constitute a positive charge, as Li + . Initially, lithium metal was employed as a negative electrode, which released electrons. However, it was observed that its structure changed after the repetition of charge-discharge cycles. To remedy this, the cathode mainly consisted of layer metal oxide and olive, e.g., cobalt oxide, LiFePO 4 , etc., along with some contents of lithium, while the anode was assembled by graphite and silicon, etc. Moreover, the electrolyte was prepared using the lithium salt in a suitable solvent to attain a greater concentration of lithium ions. Owing to the lithium ions' role, the battery's name was mentioned as a lithium-ion battery. Herein, the presented work describes the working and operational mechanism of the lithium-ion battery. Further, the lithium-ion batteries' general view and future prospects have also been elaborated.

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Section: Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Empowering the Future: Exploring the Construction and Characteristics of Lithium-Ion Batteries

Dan

2024

ACES

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“…Ziegler et at. [16] saw that the battery should not go below 70% of its original capacity due to safety issues. In a previous study, Arrinda et al [17] saw that the EOL can come at higher relative capacity values than the 80%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application Dependent End-of-Life Threshold Definition Methodology for Batteries in Electric Vehicles

et al. 2021

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The end-of-life event of the battery system of an electric vehicle is defined by a fixed end-of-life threshold value. However, this kind of end-of-life threshold does not capture the application and battery characteristics and, consequently, it has a low accuracy in describing the real end-of-life event. This paper proposes a systematic methodology to determine the end-of-life threshold that describes accurately the end-of-life event. The proposed methodology can be divided into three phases. In the first phase, the health indicators that represent the aging behavior of the battery are defined. In the second phase, the application specifications and battery characteristics are evaluated to generate the end-of-life criteria. Finally, in the third phase, the simulation environment used to calculate the end-of-life threshold is designed. In this third phase, the electric-thermal behavior of the battery at different aging conditions is simulated using an electro-thermal equivalent circuit model. The proposed methodology is applied to a high-energy electric vehicle application and to a high-power electric vehicle application. The stated hypotheses and the calculated end-of-life threshold of the high-energy application are empirically validated. The study shows that commonly assumed 80 or 70% EOL thresholds could lead to mayor under or over lifespan estimations.

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