Rumex crispus and Cordyceps militaris Mixture Ameliorates Production of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines Induced by Lipopolysaccharide in C57BL/6 Mice Splenocytes

Abstract

Rumex crispus (Rc) and Cordyceps militaris (Cm) mixture (Rc-Cm; AST2017-01) ameliorated production of proinflammatory cytokines, inflammation-related genes, and nitric oxide (NO) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mouse splenocytes. Rc-Cm (6:4) and Taemyeongcheong (commercial healthy drink containing Rc-Cm) were co-administered along with LPS. Rc-Cm inhibited production of tumor necrosis factor α, interferon γ, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 in LPS-induced splenocytes. However, levels of inflammatory cytokines were elevated in the absence of LPS treatment. Rc-Cm significantly suppressed mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and the inflammation-related genes inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), as well as NO production upon LPS co-treatment. Whereas Rc-Cm increased mRNA expression of IL-1β, and IL-6, but did not up-regulate expression of iNOS and COX-2, or increase NO production without LPS co-treatment. Therefore, treatment of Rc-Cm to LPS-induced splenocytes ameliorated induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, inflammation-related genes, and NO production. In the absence of LPS, Rc-Cm treatment up-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokines but did not alter expression of the inflammation-related genes iNOS and COX-2 or NO production. These results indicate that the natural phytochemicals chrysophanol and cordycepin in Rc-Cm promote anti-inflammatory activities and immune cell responses.

New seco-anthraquinone glucoside from the roots of Rumex crispus

“…It has been used medicinally for treating jaundice and related liver diseases, stomachache, neckache, low blood pressure, pneumonia, wound healing, and rheumatism [8][9][10]. The crude extract was reported to possess anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-diabetic properties [11][12][13][14]. However, the chemical compositions are so far not wellknown.…”

Cordyceps militaris as a Bio Functional Food Source: Pharmacological Potential, Anti-Inflammatory Actions and Related Molecular Mechanisms

“…Likewise, LOX participates in the derivation of leukotrienes (LT) by the A.A route, which has been connected to inflammatory diseases such as cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, asthma, allergy and other ailments. C. militaris ameliorated IL-1β-stimulated COX-2 expression in splenocytes [135]. LPS-induced LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells exposed to Cordycepin showed concentration-dependent reduced synthesis of NO and proinflammatory cytokines including IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, COX-2 and iNOS, [64].…”

Inhibitory effect of Jangkanghwan (Korean traditional food) on experimental ulcerative colitis in mice

“…Baill., 10.2% Atractylodes macrocephala Koidzumi, 9.5% Viscum album var. coloratum , 9.5% Zingiber officinale Roscoe, 8.7% Saccharina japonica , 2.6% dried radish, 2.6% Chaga mushroom, 2.6% Cinnamomum zeylanicum Breyn, and 1.4% Bamboo salt and treated by Beopje, which consisted of washing, steaming, dehydrating, parching, and processing of herbal ingredients to remove anti‐nutrients and enhance phytochemicals (Park et al., 2018).…”

“…Cinnamomum zeylanicum Breyn, and 1.4% Bamboo salt and treated by Beopje, which consisted of washing, steaming, dehydrating, parching, and processing of herbal ingredients to remove anti-nutrients and enhance phytochemicals (Park et al, 2018).…”