Rumen physiology: microorganisms, fermentation and manipulation

Öztürk, Hakan; Gur, Gürsel

doi:10.33988/auvfd.960447

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 88 publications

(88 reference statements)

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“…The average of the ruminal variables in the treatments ( Table-6 ) is in accordance with an ideal rumen ecosystem: pH range 5.5–6.9, TBC 10 10 –10 11 cells/mL, CB 10 7 –10 8 cells/mL, PC 10 4 –10 6 cells/mL, N-NH 3 content 5–8 mg/dL [ 41 , 47 ], acetate 60–90 mmol/L, propionate15–30 mmol/L, and butyrate 10–25 mmol/L [ 42 ]. The efficiency of microbial digestibility in the rumen depends on the stability of the variables in this medium [ 41 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Effect of waste mango silage on the in vitro gas production, in situ digestibility, intake, apparent digestibility, and ruminal characteristics in calf diets

et al. 2023

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Background and Aim: Mexico is the fifth largest producer of mangoes in the world. For the conservation of agro-industrial waste and crop residues, the ensiling technique has shown good results. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of increasing the level of mango silage (86% waste mango and 14% pangola grass hay) in calf diets on in vitro gas production, in situ digestibility, intake, apparent digestibility, and ruminal characteristics. Materials and Methods: The diets contained 0 (T0), 30 (T1), 45 (T2), and 60% (T3) mango silage. The partial (24, 48, and 72 h) and cumulative (72 h) biogas, CH4 production, and degradation were determined in the in vitro evaluation. In situ digestibility and estimators of fermentation kinetics of dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) were determined. Intake, apparent nutrient digestibility, and rumen parameters of calves (200 kg) were evaluated in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Response to increased mango silage was calculated by linear and quadratic orthogonal contrasts. Results: In vitro partial and cumulative biogas production decreased linearly (p < 0.05), and the partial and cumulative CH4 production did not show linear or quadratic contrast (p > 0.05); in vitro DM degradation, in vitro neutral detergent fiber degradation, and in vitro acid detergent fiber degradation showed a linear increase (p < 0.05). In situ dry matter digestibility (DMDis), in situ organic matter digestibility (OMDis), b, a + b, c, and effective digestibility (ED) of DMDis, a, a + b, c, and ED of OMDis increased linearly (p < 0.05). Dry matter intake, OM intake, and crude protein intake showed a linear increase (p < 0.05); NDF intake and ADF intake presented a quadratic behavior (p < 0.05). Apparent digestibility of DM, OM, CP, and hemicellulose, pH, N-NH3, total bacterial count, acetate, propionate, butyrate, volatile fatty acids, acetate: propionate ratio, cellulolytic bacteria, and protozoa did not present a linear or quadratic orthogonal effect (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The in vitro, in situ, and in vivo variables demonstrated that up to 60% mango silage can be used for the intensive fattening of calves in confinement. Keywords: alternative feed, alternative feeding, cattle, silage, tropics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Effect of waste mango silage on the in vitro gas production, in situ digestibility, intake, apparent digestibility, and ruminal characteristics in calf diets

et al. 2023

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“…This particular environment is ideal for the reproduction and growth of rumen microorganisms. The rumen fermentation and digestion process, mediated by different symbiotic microorganisms, can convert the fiber components of food into potent nutrients (Öztürk and Gur 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative production performance and rumen bacterial diversity of fattening beef cattle supplemented with different levels concentrated feed

Han,

Zhu,

Chen

et al. 2024

BioRes

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The production performance and rumen bacterial diversity were compared for different silage-based diets supplemented with common concentrate or bio-concentrate to develop an alternative of common concentrate for fatten cattle feeding. The daily gain of fattening cattle was increased by 0. 99 kg and 1.04 kg, respectively, when fed with single corn silage or mixed silage-based diet supplemented with bio-concentrate. There was no significant difference in water loss rate and cooked meat rate among groups (P>0.05), but the tenderness of beef in the bio-concentrate group was significantly higher than that in the common concentrate group (P<0.05). There were no adverse effects on beef quality and blood biochemical indexes in each group. Compared with the normal concentrate group, the OTU number and α-diversity index of rumen microorganisms of fattening cattle fed with mixed silage as the basic diet supplemented with bio-concentrate increased significantly. At generic level, the relative abundances of Prevotella, Porphyromonadaceae (unclassified), and Succiniclasticum were increased by adding bio-concentrate in the diets based on mixed silage and single sorghum silage. Relative abundances of Bacteroidetes (unclassified), Ruminococcaceae (unclassified), and Firmicutes (unclassified) decreased. In conclusion, the bio-concentrate might be a better choice than common concentrate for beef cattle breeding.

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“…This could be related to the normal and unchanged NH3, VFA, and pH levels. The formation of microbial proteins requires a carbon skeleton derived from VFA and nitrogen from NH 3 [ 42 , 43 ]. Moreover, the addition of ASE did not significantly change the pH value of the rumen fluid (6.81–6.86; p > 0.05) and was, therefore, suitable for optimum microbial growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the addition of ASE did not significantly change the pH value of the rumen fluid (6.81–6.86; p > 0.05) and was, therefore, suitable for optimum microbial growth. The normal pH of rumen fluid is 5.5–7 [ 43 , 44 ]. Rumen pH above 5.7 is necessary for microbial protein synthesis, whereas pH above 6 allows for greater functional performance [ 45 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthelmintic activity of Carica pubescens aqueous seed extract and its effects on rumen fermentation and methane reduction in Indonesian thin-tailed sheep: An in vitro study

et al. 2023

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Background and Aim: Seeds from Carica pubescens were observed to be abundant as waste. This waste contains active plant compounds whose utilization has not been studied in the livestock sector. This study was conducted to evaluate the potential of an aqueous seed extract of Carica pubescens (ASE) as an anthelmintic agent during rumen fermentation and methane reduction. Materials and Methods: Aqueous seed extract of Carica pubescens was prepared from C. pubescens cultivated in Wonosobo, Indonesia. Phytochemical analyses were performed to quantify the secondary metabolite content of ASE. In vitro adult worm mortality tests, scanning electron microscopy, and gas production tests were conducted to evaluate rumen characteristics, methane reduction, and the potential of ASE as an anthelmintic against Haemonchus contortus. Adult worms and ruminal fluid were collected from Indonesian thin-tailed sheep. Two-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s test was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences® 21.0 software to detect significant differences. Results: In vitro study results showed that 1–5% ASE inhibited H. contortus after the 1st h of incubation, and 5% ASE suppressed 100% of adult H. contortus worms in the 5th h. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of ASE-treated worms ASE revealed damaged cuticle structures. ASE had no significant effect on pH, NH3, volatile fatty acid, acetate, propionate, butyrate, acetate: propionate, or microbial protein in rumen fluid (p > 0.05). The in vitro feed fermentation results showed that ASE significantly affected methane reduction. Conclusion: The inclusion of up to 5% ASE in sheep diets may serve as a potential alternative anthelmintic against H. contortus as well as a methane reduction agent, without deleterious effects on rumen fermentation. Keywords: Carica pubescens, fermentation, greenhouse, Haemonchus contortus, metabolite, ruminant.

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Rumen physiology: microorganisms, fermentation and manipulation

Cited by 4 publications

References 88 publications

Effect of waste mango silage on the in vitro gas production, in situ digestibility, intake, apparent digestibility, and ruminal characteristics in calf diets

Effect of waste mango silage on the in vitro gas production, in situ digestibility, intake, apparent digestibility, and ruminal characteristics in calf diets

Comparative production performance and rumen bacterial diversity of fattening beef cattle supplemented with different levels concentrated feed

Anthelmintic activity of Carica pubescens aqueous seed extract and its effects on rumen fermentation and methane reduction in Indonesian thin-tailed sheep: An in vitro study

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