Rumen ciliates: their metabolism and relationships with bacteria and their hosts

Bonhomme, A.

doi:10.1016/0377-8401(90)90016-2

Cited by 104 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 183 publications

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“…Também Broudiscou et al (2000) relataram diminuição de protozoários do rúmen quando forneceram dieta com extrato de própolis em cultura contínua, uma vez que os protistas foram responsáveis por 19 a 28% da atividade total da celulase no ambiente ruminal. Outros estudos confirmaram que a defaunação reduz a digestão de fibras (Bonhomme, 1990).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Digestibilidade e parâmetros ruminais de dietas à base de forragem com adição de própolis e monensina sódica para bovinos

Prado¹,

Zeoula²,

Moura³

et al. 2010

R. Bras. Zootec.

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RESUMO -Avaliaram-se os efeitos da utilização de produtos contendo própolis em duas concentrações (B e C) e duas extrações alcoólicas (1 e 3) e de monensina sódica em dieta à base de forragem sobre o consumo, a digestibilidade total e parcial e as características ruminais em bovinos. Utilizaram-se quatro bovinos da raça Holandesa, castrados, com peso corporal de 221 ± 21 kg, canulados no rúmen, em delineamento experimental quadrado latino 4 × 4. As dietas experimentais foram constituídas de 72,5% de volumoso e 27,5% de concentrado e apresentaram 14,4% de PB e 67% de nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT), diferindo apenas quanto à presença de aditivos. Os consumos médios de matéria seca e nutrientes, não foram afetados pelas dietas, exceto o de NDT, que foi maior nos animais alimentados com a dieta controle. O fornecimento dos aditivos, principalmente própolis, reduziu a digestibilidade total de matéria seca, proteína bruta e NDT.A digestibilidade total da fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) foi semelhante entre aditivos e menor que nos animais controle.A inclusão de própolis refletiu em menor pH ruminal e maiores produções de acetato e AGV totais e a monensina propiciou a menor razão acetato:propionato. A adição dos aditivos avaliados tem efeito negativo sobre a concentração e consumo de energia digestível de dietas à base de forragem fornecida para bovinos em crescimento.Palavras-chave: ácidos graxos voláteis, digestibilidade parcial, nitrogênio amoniacal, pH ruminal, taxa de diluição Digestibility and ruminal parameters of diet based on forage with the addition of propolis and sodium monensin for steers ABSTRACT -It was evaluated the effects of using products containing propolis in two propolis concentrations (B and C) and two alcoholic extractions (1 and 3) and sodium monensin in forage based diet on intake, total and partial digestibility and ruminal characteristics in cattle. It was used four Holstein castrated bovines, with body weight of 221 ± 21 kg, implanted with ruminal cannulla, in a 4 × 4 Latin square experimental design. The experimental diets were composed of 72.5% roughage and 27.5% concentrate and had 14.4% crude protein and 67% of total digestible nutrients (TDN), only differing to the presence of additives. The average intake of dry matter and nutrients did not differ among diets, except for the intake of TDN that was higher for animal fed control diet. The supply of additives, mainly propolis, reduced the total digestibility of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and total digestible nutrients (TDN). The total digestibility of neutral detergent fiber was similar among additives and it was lower than the control animals. The inclusion of propolis reflected in lower pH and production of acetate and total volatile fatty acids and monensin resulted in lower acetate:propionate ratio. The addition of the evaluated additives has negative effect on the concentration and intake of digestible energy of roughage based diets for growing cattle.

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Section: Resultsunclassified

Digestibilidade e parâmetros ruminais de dietas à base de forragem com adição de própolis e monensina sódica para bovinos

Prado¹,

Zeoula²,

Moura³

et al. 2010

R. Bras. Zootec.

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“…Microorganisms attach rapidly to dietary substrates in the rumen (Bonhomme, 1990;McAllister et al, 1990; Edwards et al, 2007). Association of microbes with feed particles occurs either randomly or through response to chemoattractants such as soluble carbohydrates (McAllister et al, 1994; Dehority and Orpin, 1997).…”

Section: Structural Organisation Of Rumen Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has also been considered that biofilms offer protection from predation (Costerton et al, 1987), although data now suggests that many protozoa have mechanisms of efficiently predating these attached communities (Lawrence and Snyder, 1998;Pederson, 1990; Huws et al, 2005). Therefore, due to the structural stability of biofilm communities, it is important to consider this phenotype in the context of the rumen microbial ecosystem, particularly when developing novel strategies to manipulate rumen microbiota.Microorganisms attach rapidly to dietary substrates in the rumen (Bonhomme, 1990;McAllister et al, 1990; Edwards et al, 2007). Association of microbes with feed particles occurs either randomly or through response to chemoattractants such as soluble carbohydrates (McAllister et al, 1994; Dehority and Orpin, 1997).…”

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confidence: 99%

Advances in microbial ecosystem concepts and their consequences for ruminant agriculture

Edwards

Huws

Kim

et al. 2008

Animal

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Microbial transformations in the rumen ecosystem have a major impact on our ability to meet the challenge of reducing the environmental footprint of ruminant livestock agriculture, as well as enhancing product quality. Current understanding of the rumen microbial ecosystem is limited, and affects our ability to manipulate rumen output. The view of ruminal fermentation as the sum of activities of the dominant rumen microbiota is no longer adequate, with a more holistic approach required. This paper reviews rumen functionality in the context of the microbiota of the rumen ecosystem, addressing ruminal fermentation as the product of an ecosystem while highlighting the consequences of this for ruminant agriculture. Microbial diversity in the rumen ecosystem enhances the resistance of the network of metabolic pathways present, as well as increasing the potential number of new pathways available. The resulting stability of rumen function is further promoted by the existence of rumen microbiota within biofilms. These protected, structured communities offer potential advantages, but very little is currently known about how ruminal microorganisms interact on feed-surfaces and how these communities develop. The temporal and spatial development of biofilms is strongly linked to the availability of dietary nutrients, the dynamics of which must also be given consideration, particularly in fresh-forage-based production systems. Nutrient dynamics, however, impact not only on pathway inputs but also the turnover and output of the whole ecosystem. Knowledge of the optimal balance of metabolic processes and the corresponding microbial taxa required to provide a stable, balanced ecosystem will enable a more holistic understanding of the rumen. Future studies should aim to identify key ecosystem processes and components within the rumen, including microbial taxa, metabolites and plant-based traits amenable to breeding-based modification. As well as gaining valuable insights into the biology of the rumen ecosystem, this will deliver realistic and appropriate novel targets for beneficial manipulation of rumen function. Keywords: ecosystem, metabolism, microbiota, nutrient, rumen IntroductionThe purpose of the rumen is to convert dietary material into microbial biomass and end products that can be utilised by the animal. Rumen microorganisms anaerobically ferment complex lignocellulosic plant material, which otherwise would be unable to be utilised by ruminants. Fermentation of dietary material generates microbial biomass and valuable microbial end products, the outflow/diffusion of which provides the ruminant with usable forms of protein and energy. The efficiency and sustainability of ruminant production relies on driving the ecosystem carrying out this conversion to follow an optimal network of metabolic processes. Microbial protein from the rumen accounts for more than half of the total protein entering the intestines (Broudiscou and Jouany, 1995), with three main taxonomic groups accounting for the majority of this microbial ...

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“…Results suggested that this strain could be efficient to stabilise ruminal pH by stimulating ciliate Entodiniomorphid protozoa, which are known to engulf starch granules very rapidly (Coleman, 1974) and thus compete effectively with amylolytic bacteria for their substrate (Owens et al, 1998). In addition, starch is fermented by protozoa at a slower rate than by amylolytic bacteria and the main end-products of fermentation are VFA rather than lactate (Abbou Akkada & Howard, 1960; Bonhomme, 1990), which explains why these ciliates have a stabilizing effect in the rumen by delaying fermentation. Moreover, Entodiniomorphs are also able to consume lactate and thus may play an essential role in the prevention of lactate accumulation (Newbold et al, 1987;Nagaraja et al, 1992).…”

Section: Effects On Ruminal Ph and Acidosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects and modes of action of live yeasts in the rumen

Fonty¹,

Chaucheyras‐Durand

2006

Biologia

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Live yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) are more and more widely used as feed additives for ruminants. They are considered as allochtonous microorganisms in the rumen environment, however, distributed daily to dairy cows or beef cattle they can survive in the digestive tract and interact with autochtonous microbial populations. The positive effects of yeast cells have been mainly demonstrated on growth and activity of fibre-degrading bacteria and fungi, on stabilisation of rumen pH and prevention of lactate accumulation, on ruminal microbial colonization and on the set up of fermentative processes during the pre-weaning period. Modes of action of yeast probiotics depend on their viability and stability in the rumen ecosystem. Up to now, the main modes of action identified are the supply of growth factors to rumen microorganisms, oxygen scavenging inducing more favourable conditions for the anaerobic communities, and nutritional competition with autochtonous ruminal species.

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Rumen ciliates: their metabolism and relationships with bacteria and their hosts

Cited by 104 publications

References 183 publications

Digestibilidade e parâmetros ruminais de dietas à base de forragem com adição de própolis e monensina sódica para bovinos

Digestibilidade e parâmetros ruminais de dietas à base de forragem com adição de própolis e monensina sódica para bovinos

Advances in microbial ecosystem concepts and their consequences for ruminant agriculture

Effects and modes of action of live yeasts in the rumen

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