“…These groups chelate various metal ions such as Fe +2 , Fe +3 , Cu +2 , Zn +2 , Al +3 , Cr +3 , Pb +2 , and Co +2 [35,38]. Capping agents used for stabilization of the nanoparticles in the colloidal synthesis, controlling in particle morphology and protect the surface [43], essential oils [44], peel extracts, gum extracts [45], seed extracts [46], tissue culture extracts [47], seedling extracts [35,48,49] , whole-plant extracts [50], etc.…”