Rubber Tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg)

Abstract

Rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) is an important industrial crop for natural rubber production. At present, more than 9.5 million hectares in about 40 countries are devoted to rubber tree cultivation with a production about 6.5 million tons of dry rubber each year. The world supply of natural rubber is barely keeping up with a global demand for 12 million tons of natural rubber in 2020. Tapping panel dryness (TPD) is a complex physiological syndrome widely found in rubber tree plantations, which causes severe yield and crop losses in natural rubber producing countries. Currently, there is no effective prevention or treatment for this serious malady. As it is a perennial tree crop, the integration of specific desired traits through conventional breeding is both time-consuming and labour-intensive. Genetic transformation with conventional breeding is certainly a more promising tool for incorporation of agronomically important genes that could improve existing Hevea genotype. This chapter provides an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocol for rubber tree using immature anther-derived calli as initial explants. We have applied this protocol to generate genetically engineered plants from a high yielding Indian clone RRII 105 of Hevea brasiliensis (Hb). Calli were co-cultured with Agrobacterium tumefaciens harboring a plasmid vector containing the Hb superoxide dismutase (SOD) gene and the reporter gene used was beta-glucuronidase (GUS) gene (uidA). The selectable marker gene used was neomycin phosphotransferase (nptII) and kanamycin was used as selection agent. We found that a suitable transformation protocol for Hevea consists of a 3-d co-cultivation with Agrobacterium in the presence of 20 mM acetosyringone, 15 mM betaine HCl, and 11.55 mM proline followed by selection on medium containing 300 mg/L kanamycin. Transformed calli surviving on medium containing 300 mg/L kanamycin showed a strong GUS-positive reaction. Upon subsequent subculture into fresh media, we obtained somatic embryogenesis and germinated plantlets, which were found to be GUS positive. The integration of uidA, nptII, and HbSOD transgenes into Hevea genome was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as well as Southern blot analysis.

Review on Tea (Camellia sinensis) Research Achievements, Challenges and Future Prospective Including Ethiopian Status

“…Foreign genes have been introduced in several woody crops including the rubber tree by using the Agrobacterium tumefaciens Ti plasmid (Horsch et al, 1985;Venkatachalam et al, 2006 …”

UPAYA PERBAIKAN GENETIK DAN PENYEDIAAN BIBIT TANAMAN KARET (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) MELALUI PENDEKATAN BIOTEKNOLOGI

“…Beberapa cara yang digunakan dalam meningkatkan efisiensi transformasi yaitu menggunakan CaCl pada media maintenance 2 medium (MM) (Montoro et al, 2000), menggunakan kalsium nitrat pada media prakultur dan asetosiringon pada media infeksi (Sobha et al, 2012), dan menggunakan silver nitrat pada media infeksi, ko-kultivasi dan seleksi (Kala et al, 2013). Beberapa gen telah berhasil dipindahkan ke dalam tanaman karet m e l a l u i t r a n s f o r m a s i m e n g g u n a k a n Agrobacterium tumefaciens diantaranya adalah gen penanda dan seleksi (Venkatachalam et al, 2006;Leclercq et al, 2010;Sobha et al, 2012), ketahanan terhadap cekaman (Venkatachalam et al, 2006;Jayashree et al, 2011;Sobha et al, 2012) dan gen protein manusia dan hewan Yeang et al, 2002).…”

Evaluation of Bacillus subtilis Czk1 Metabolites by LC–MS/MS and Their Antifungal Potential against Pyrrhoderma noxium Causing Brow Rot Disease

“…Arg.) is a perennial crop that is distributed in tropical countries and is considered one of the global commercial sources of high-quality natural rubber [1][2][3]. Rubber trees are an important crop for the national economies of many developing countries, and they greatly contribute to the welfare of smallholder farmers worldwide [4].…”

“…The PCA Score scatter plot in the TC group vs. the CK group ((a): positive ion modes; (b):negative ion modes). Note: the abscissa PC[1] represents the scores of the first principal components, and the ordinate PC[2] represents the scores of second principal components. The blue dots represent the CK group, and the green square represents the TC group.…”