Rubber Fruit Shell (Hevea brasiliensis) as bio sorbent to remove FFA (Free Fatty Acid) content in CPO (Crude Palm Oil)

Penyiapan Arang Aktif Pelepah Kelapa Sawit sebagai Adsorben Asam Lemak Bebas dari CPO (Crude Palm Oil)

“…Proses adsorpsi berlangsung pada kondisi temperatur 60 o C, dosis adsorben 1,5 g dan waktu 75 menit [9]. Sebanyak 91,94% ALB dari CPO teradsorpsi pada adsorben KOH/kulit buah karet, setelah melewati 1% dosis adsorben dan waktu adsorpsi selama 30 menit [10]. Ampas tebu yang diaktifkan dengan 0,1N KMnO4 dan memiliki ukuran partikel 236 mikron dapat menyisihkan 96,6% ALB dari minyak jelantah, namun menghabiskan waktu perendaman selama 3 hari [11].…”

“…Efisiensi adsorpsi APS60 ternyata lebih tinggi dari pada adsorben KOH/pati [8] dan H2SO4/lempung [9], tetapi lebih rendah dari pada KOH/kulit buah karet [10] dan KMnO4/ampas tebu [11]. Perbedaan tersebut disebabkan oleh alasan yang berbeda pula.…”

The Production of Carbon Nanofiber on Rubber Fruit Shell-Derived Activated Carbon by Chemical Activation and Hydrothermal Process with Low Temperature

“…The utilization of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) as a potential material has recently been demonstrated in a variety of fields, such as adsorbents [ 5 , 6 ], sensors [ 2 , 7 ], electrode materials and electromagnetic shielding [ 8 ], batteries, solar cells [ 9 ], supercapacitors [ 3 ], gas storage [ 10 , 11 ], and biomedical applications [ 12 , 13 , 14 ]. Due to the rising usage of CNFs in various applications, the demand for CNF has risen in recent years, accompanied by an increase in selling prices.…”

“…Nevertheless, the majority of CNFs are derived from non-renewable precursors [ 15 ]. Due to their limitations and unsustainable characteristics as significant concerns, the organic polymer sources from biomass have been heavily studied in recent years, such as bamboo [ 16 ], mango seed and bleached Kraft pulp [ 6 ], sawdust [ 17 ], crab shell [ 18 ], and natural fungus [ 19 ]. Biomass is a lignocellulosic plant material composed of different polymers, including cellulose (40–50%), hemicellulose (20–40%), and lignin (10–15%) [ 20 ].…”

“…Rubber fruit is a potentially renewable resource for the production of CNF precursors since the shell of the rubber fruit (Hevea brasiliensis) is reported to contain between 35% and 54% lignin [ 6 ]. However, relatively few investigations/reports have been published on rubber fruit shells, considered potential precursors for carbon fiber synthesis.…”