“…Although there is evidence that being married (Bowling & Iliffe, 2006), working for pay (Ross & Mirowsky, 1995), volunteering (Borgonovi, 2008), practicing healthy behaviors such drinking moderately (Maraldi et al, 2009), maintaining low BMI (Leveille, Guralnik, Ferrucci, & Langlois, 1999), engaging in exercise (Britton, Shipley, Singh-Manoux, & Marmot, 2008), and not smoking cigarettes , having adequate social supports (Montross et al, 2006), and maintaining strong religious beliefs (Crowther, Parker, Achenbaum, Larimore, & Koenig, 2002) are associated with successful aging, it is unclear whether they predict successful aging or are characteristics associated with successful aging at a particular point in time.…”