Row Spacing and Nitrogen Fertilizer Effect on No‐Till Oat Production

Lafond, G. P.; May, William E.; Holzapfel, C. B.

doi:10.2134/agronj2012.0221

Cited by 31 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Jacobs and Pearson (1992) confirmed the importance of physical ear size restrictions (greater spikelet number as the ear surface increased regardless of the N supply). From a compendium of other findings (Tollenaar and Daynard, 1978;Wilson and Allison, 1978;Salvador, 1984;Pearson, 1991, 1992;Lemcoff and Loomis, 1994;Otegui and Melón, 1997;Otegui and Bonhomme, 1998;Roth et al, 2013) the data suggest that maximum PKn did not change with time in nonprolific maize hybrids (even in nontransgenic "drought-tolerant" materials). The RKF was significantly affected by hybrid (hybrid 1 slightly less than hybrid 2), PD, and N rate single treatment factors (data not shown).…”

Section: Potential Kernel Number and Reproductive Relative Kernel Faimentioning

confidence: 77%

“…However, the hybrid effects on mean PKn were not significant (Table 4). From a compendium of other findings (Tollenaar and Daynard, 1978;Wilson and Allison, 1978;Salvador, 1984;Pearson, 1991, 1992;Lemcoff and Loomis, 1994;Otegui and Melón, 1997;Otegui and Bonhomme, 1998;Roth et al, 2013) the data suggest that maximum PKn did not change with time in nonprolific maize hybrids (even in nontransgenic "drought-tolerant" materials). Although further data should be assembled to be more conclusive, the effect of modern hybrids in establishing greater Kn seems to be directly associated with greater stress tolerance and lower SGR thresholds to set kernels (Echarte et al, 2004) and not by dramatic changes over time in PKn.…”

Section: Potential Kernel Number and Reproductive Relative Kernel Faimentioning

confidence: 77%

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Physiological Dynamics of Maize Nitrogen Uptake and Partitioning in Response to Plant Density and Nitrogen Stress Factors: II. Reproductive Phase

et al. 2013

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Improved plant N utilization and partitioning is critical for future improvements in maize (Zea mays L.) grain yield (GY). The overall research objective was to gain understanding of the physiological mechanisms underpinning biomass (BM), N uptake partitioning, and GY processes during the reproductive period for two maize hybrids grown at varying plant density (PD) (low is 54,000 plant ha−1, medium is 79,000 plants ha−1, and high is 104,000 plants ha−1) and N inputs (low is 0 kg N ha−1, medium is 112 kg N ha−1, and high is 224 kg N ha−1) over four site–years. At the community level, maize GY was maximized in both genotypes at the medium PD and highest N rate. At maturity, grain harvest index improved as the whole‐plant N uptake increased following a linear‐plateau model and, for N allocation, both grain and shoot N concentrations increased similarly as BM increased. Around flowering (±15 d), dry mass and N partitioning rates were unmodified by treatment factors. Treatment factors only marginally influenced potential kernel number near flowering. Allometric analyses confirmed a lack of treatment impact on whole‐plant N uptake and N remobilization coefficients. Greater reproductive‐stage N uptake was associated with superior ear strength (kernel number and weight) and late shoot N remobilization, but GY was also positively related to vegetative‐stage N uptake. Future research should identify genotypic variation for overcoming the documented N uptake trade‐off mechanisms (vegetative‐stage N uptake vs. shoot N remobilization) as related to the maize GY improvement process.

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Section: Potential Kernel Number and Reproductive Relative Kernel Faimentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Potential Kernel Number and Reproductive Relative Kernel Faimentioning

confidence: 77%

Physiological Dynamics of Maize Nitrogen Uptake and Partitioning in Response to Plant Density and Nitrogen Stress Factors: II. Reproductive Phase

et al. 2013

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“…Using information from a meta-analysis performed by Akiyama et al (2010), the effect of nitrapyrin was calculated as achieving an average 39% reduction in N 2 O emissions. Another recent Indiana study (Omonode and Vyn 2013) observed an average 35% reduction in N 2 O emissions when nitrapyrin was used with sidedress N application at a single rate of 200 kg N ha −1 . A Colorado study (Halvorson et al 2010) found a 35% reduction in N 2 O emissions when Figure 1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Nitrous oxide emissions in Midwest US maize production vary widely with band-injected N fertilizer rates, timing and nitrapyrin presence

Burzaco

Smith

Vyn

2013

Environ. Res. Lett.

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Nitrification inhibitors have the potential to reduce N 2 O emissions from maize fields, but optimal results may depend on deployment of integrated N fertilizer management systems that increase yields achieved per unit of N 2 O lost. A new micro-encapsulated formulation of nitrapyrin for liquid N fertilizers became available to US farmers in 2010. Our research objectives were to (i) assess the impacts of urea-ammonium nitrate (UAN) management practices (timing, rate and nitrification inhibitor) and environmental variables on growing-season N 2 O fluxes and (ii) identify UAN treatment combinations that both reduce N 2 O emissions and optimize maize productivity. Field experiments near West Lafayette, Indiana in 2010 and 2011 examined three N rates (0, 90 and 180 kg N ha −1 ), two timings (pre-emergence and side-dress) and presence or absence of nitrapyrin. Mean cumulative N 2 O-N emissions (Q 10 corrected) were 0.81, 1.83 and 3.52 kg N 2 O-N ha −1 for the rates of 0, 90 and 180 kg N ha −1 , respectively; 1.80 and 2.31 kg N 2 O-N ha −1 for pre-emergence and side-dress timings, respectively; and 1.77 versus 2.34 kg N 2 O-N ha −1 for with and without nitrapyrin, respectively. Yield-scaled N 2 O-N emissions increased with N rates as anticipated (averaging 167, 204 and 328 g N 2 O-N Mg grain −1 for the 0, 90 and 180 kg N ha −1 rates), but were 22% greater with the side-dress timing than the pre-emergence timing (when averaged across N rates and inhibitor treatments) because of environmental conditions following later applications. Overall yield-scaled N 2 O-N emissions were 22% lower with nitrapyrin than without the inhibitor, but these did not interact with N rate or timing.

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“…Currently, growers targeting high yields and high returns have started to apply in excess of 90 kg ha −1 of nitrogen (N) fertilizer to their oat crop; however, studies have not consistently supported this level of N fertilizer use. Previous studies observed optimal N responsiveness in oat in a range from 30 to 120 kg N ha −1 fertilizer (Brinkman & Rho, 1984; Lafond, May, & Holzapfel, 2013; May, Mohr, Lafond, Johnston, & Craig Stevenson, 2004; Pecio & Bichonìski, 2010). A study investigating the response of oat to N observed severe lodging after the N rate surpassed 84 kg N ha −1 followed by grain yield decreasing beyond this rate (Brinkman & Rho, 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Response of oat grain yield and quality to nitrogen fertilizer and fungicides

2020

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Recently agronomists and producers have expressed interest in combining higher nitrogen (N) rates with a fungicide application even when disease intensity is low. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of fungicide application and N rates on grain yield and oat quality (Avena sativa L.). The experimental design was a split plot with fungicide (none, pyraclostrobin, propiconazole + trifloxystrobin) as the main plot, and eight N rates as sub-plots (5, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, and 140 kg ha −1 ). This study was conducted in 2012 and 2013 at two locations in Saskatchewan, Melfort and Indian Head. Disease intensity was very low for crown rust (Puccinia coronata) and low-to-moderate for all other foliar diseases, and with no large effect on grain yield and quality. No interaction between fungicide and N was observed. A curvilinear increase in grain yield occurred as the N rate increased from 5 to 140 kg ha −1 . Increasing the N rate caused a small linear decrease in test weight. At a low oat price, $130 t −1 , the N rate that maximized economic return was sensitive to N fertilizer price. As the crop price increased the optimum N rate was100 kg ha −1 . In conclusion, our results indicate that using an N rate of 100 kg ha −1 provided the most consistent economic returns when the crop price is between $162 and $194 t −1 . There is no beneficial interaction between fungicide and N for growers using higher N rates at low disease intensity and resistant genotypes.

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Row Spacing and Nitrogen Fertilizer Effect on No‐Till Oat Production

Cited by 31 publications

References 43 publications

Physiological Dynamics of Maize Nitrogen Uptake and Partitioning in Response to Plant Density and Nitrogen Stress Factors: II. Reproductive Phase

Physiological Dynamics of Maize Nitrogen Uptake and Partitioning in Response to Plant Density and Nitrogen Stress Factors: II. Reproductive Phase

Nitrous oxide emissions in Midwest US maize production vary widely with band-injected N fertilizer rates, timing and nitrapyrin presence

Response of oat grain yield and quality to nitrogen fertilizer and fungicides

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