Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) Surgery during High Liquid Sucrose Diet Leads to Gut Microbiota-Related Systematic Alterations

Abstract

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery has been proven successful in weight loss and improvement of co-morbidities associated with obesity. Chronic complications such as malabsorption of micronutrients in up to 50% of patients underline the need for additional therapeutic approaches. We investigated systemic RYGB surgery effects in a liquid sucrose diet-induced rat obesity model. After consuming a diet supplemented with high liquid sucrose for eight weeks, rats underwent RYGB or control sham surgery. RYGB, sham pair-fed, and sham ad libitum-fed groups further continued on the diet after recovery. Notable alterations were revealed in microbiota composition, inflammatory markers, feces, liver, and plasma metabolites, as well as in brain neuronal activity post-surgery. Higher fecal 4-aminobutyrate (GABA) correlated with higher Bacteroidota and Enterococcus abundances in RYGB animals, pointing towards the altered enteric nervous system (ENS) and gut signaling. Favorable C-reactive protein (CRP), serine, glycine, and 3-hydroxybutyrate plasma profiles in RYGB rats were suggestive of reverted obesity risk. The impact of liquid sucrose diet and caloric restriction mainly manifested in fatty acid changes in the liver. Our multi-modal approach reveals complex systemic changes after RYGB surgery and points towards potential therapeutic targets in the gut-brain system to mimic the surgery mode of action.

Glyphosate affects the neurochemical phenotype of the intramural neurons in the duodenum in the pig

“…45 It was also established that changes in the intestinal microflora affect the ENS and lead to changes in the secretion of neurotransmitters through gut-brain communication. 46 It was also possible that changes in the neurochemical coding of the ENS neurons noted in the present study are the result of glyphosateinduced changes in the microbiome, but this issue requires further research.…”

Do All Bariatric Surgery Methods Have the Same Effects on the Gut Microbiota?

“…Another common effect of RYGB surgery is to alter the gut microbiota and its related metabolites. Escherichia Coli, Streptococcus, pneumonia, Klebsiella, Akkermansia muciniphila, Dentium, and Bifidobacterium in the feces of patients increased after RYGB surgery [42]. After RYGB surgery, there is a decrease in Firmicutes and an increase in the frequency of Verrucomicrobia (Akkermansia) and proteobacteria in patients.…”

A 3D co-culture intestinal organoid system for exploring glucose metabolism

“… Brooks et al (2016) used targeted free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFAR2)-deficient mice and intestinal organoids to explore the mechanism in vivo and found that FFAR2 signalling drives the expansion of the PYY cell population, resulting in increased PYY secretion, which in turn increases the intestinal anorexia signalling. After Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) operation on obese mice, the intake of food and liquid sucrose decreased, and the intestinal flora, faecal metabolites, fat distribution in plasma, and brain neuron activity of obese mice changed after operation ( Zizmare et al, 2022 ). Obese patients with diabetes have reduced food intake after RYGB due to increased postoperative levels of GLP-1 and PYY, which stimulate insulin secretion and reduce patient appetite after ingesting food ( Goldspink et al, 2020 ).…”