Routing with opportunistically coded exchanges in wireless mesh networks

Ni, Bin; Santhapuri, Naveen; Zhang, Zhong; Nelakuditi, Srihari

doi:10.1109/wimesh.2006.288636

Cited by 100 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Thus, ICODE utilizes all possible coding opportunities with global knowledge. In this respect, ICODE encompasses all existing protocols, including [30,31,37,12,15,42,41].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secure network coding for wireless mesh networks: Threats, challenges, and directions

Dong

Curtmola

Nita-Rotaru

2009

Computer Communications

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In recent years, network coding has emerged as a new communication paradigm that can significantly improve the efficiency of network protocols by requiring intermediate nodes to mix packets before forwarding them. Recently, several real-world systems have been proposed to leverage network coding in wireless networks. Although the theoretical foundations of network coding are well understood, a real-world system needs to solve a plethora of practical aspects before network coding can meet its promised potential. These practical design choices expose network coding systems to a wide range of attacks.We identify two general frameworks (inter-flow and intra-flow) that encompass several network coding-based systems proposed in wireless networks. Our systematic analysis of the components of these frameworks reveals vulnerabilities to a wide range of attacks, which may severely degrade system performance. Then, we identify security goals and design challenges in achieving security for network coding systems. Adequate understanding of both the threats and challenges is essential to effectively design secure practical network coding systems. Our paper should be viewed as a cautionary note pointing out the frailty of current network coding-based wireless systems and a general guideline in the effort of achieving security for network coding systems.

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“…Thus, ICODE utilizes all possible coding opportunities with global knowledge. In this respect, ICODE encompasses all existing protocols, including [30,31,37,12,15,42,41].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secure network coding for wireless mesh networks: Threats, challenges, and directions

Dong

Curtmola

Nita-Rotaru

2009

Computer Communications

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“…Although single-hop coding systems use only a subset of the possible coding opportunities allowed by the general coding condition, they have the benefit of a simple system design. Examples of single-hop coding systems include [7], [8], [10], [11], [14].…”

Section: Single-hop Coding Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Networkcoding Techniques for Single and Multihop Multicast Systems

2016

IJAERD

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Abstract- IntroductionWith the increasing demand of communication services, wireless networks are becoming more popular now a day. Due to the broadcast nature of wireless links, correlations and interference among the links, links diversity and their lossy behavior, the overall performance of the network decreases. To address the reliability problem, the concept of feedback messages was used by the sender to know which packets need to be retransmitted. But these messages also use network bandwidth, therefore intra session network coding is proposed in which packets of the same session (source) are coded together. To reduce redundant transmissions and to improve the network performance, multiple unicasts sessions are combined into a single broadcast. Consider an example of Fig.1, node S needs to deliver packet ni to each neighboring node Di. If each Di has overheard all the other packets except ni, node S can code (by XOR-ing) all the packets together and broadcast the resulting coded packet, from which every Di can recover its desired ni.In general, an inter-flow coding system consists of three components: path selection, coding opportunity discovery, and packet forwarding. The path selection component is responsible for selecting data delivery paths for flows. Coding opportunity discovery is responsible for deciding, for each node on the path of one or more flows, whether the node will perform coding, decoding, or simply packet forwarding for the flow(s). Packets transmitted in the network can be either plain packets or coded packets. A plain packet is an (uncoded) packet as sent by the source node. A coded packet is a bit-wise XOR of a set of plain packets from distinct flows, denoted as e = n1⊕n2⊕n3⊕…….. nk, where each ni is a plain packet.

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“…This method was proposed by Katti et al as a packet forwarding approach. Two other most important centralized coding-aware mechanisms are ROCX method proposed by Bin Ni et al [5] and CARTR proposed by Lee et al [6]. In active coding-aware methods, every node requires to gather information from neighbor nodes.…”

Section: A Centralized and Active Network Coding-aware Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opportunistic XOR-Coding Content Propagation in VANET

Malakooti¹,

Jalooli²,

Jabbarpour³

et al. 2014

IJCEE

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Abstract-The main difference between typical wireless networks and Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks is mostly about the way traffic is propagated in these types of networks. Unlike conventional wireless networks in VANET connections are established quick and short. Because of these two factors connections in VANET are not as reliable and robust as typical wireless networks. Hence Due to these limitations in VANET and also in order to achieve higher throughput, we are aimed at investigating the adoption of network coding with the existing data propagation and routing methods in Vehicular networks. In order to address the disadvantages, we present an approach called Opportunistic Network Coding-aware Data Dissemination in Wireless Networks (NCODWN). This approach is an enhanced version of COAR. We have managed to improve network throughput and decrease end-to-end delay of the network by implementing a more efficient and reliable mechanism. The simulation results indicate that our approach outperforms COAR in terms of end-to-end delay, percentage of encoded packets, packet delivery and network throughput.Index Terms-Data propagation, network coding, vehicular ad hoc network, wireless. I. INTRODUCTIONThe emergence of wireless networks has made a crucial impact on network communications. Over the last four decades of research were conducted on the different aspects of communication between mobile networks and especially vehicular networks. One of the most important challenges in VANET is considerable rates of packet loss and insufficient throughput. Network coding (NC) [1] was introduced with the main aim of increasing the network throughput. Fig. 1 represents basic concepts of NC. In a wider overview due to nature of wireless networks, they suffer from low throughput and do not scale well in heavy implementations [2] which this problem is inherited by VANET. A. Network Coding and Routing ProtocolsIn order to utilize NC in wireless network in a practical way, one of the most well-known applications is in routing protocols. In other words, NC is applied in routing In order to create a coding-aware routing scheme. Existing NC-aware routing mechanisms in VANET evaluate links only based on possibility and impossibility of coding in nodes.Being aware of Applicable NC scenarios and opportunistic coding among different flows at certain amount of time provides the opportunity to improve the throughput of networks. Thus in order to Improve performance of existing Manuscript received January 9, 2013; revised March 27, 2014 network coding is applied. B. Opportunistic RoutingIn fact opportunistic routing is considerably different from normal routing mechanisms. In conventional routing approaches, the next hop is fixed and is responsible for sending data flows and therefore this kind of routing is not suitable for networks like VANET that their topology is dynamically changing and consequently packet drop probability is high. In contrast in opportunistic routing instead of selection of a fixed next hop, under certain circumstances a se...

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Routing with opportunistically coded exchanges in wireless mesh networks

Cited by 100 publications

References 3 publications

Secure network coding for wireless mesh networks: Threats, challenges, and directions

Secure network coding for wireless mesh networks: Threats, challenges, and directions

Comparison of Networkcoding Techniques for Single and Multihop Multicast Systems

Opportunistic XOR-Coding Content Propagation in VANET

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