Routing Security in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks

Abstract

The role of infrastructure-less mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) in ubiquitous networks is outlined. In a MANET there are no dedicated routers and all network nodes must contribute to routing. Classification of routing protocols for MANET is based on how routing information is acquired and maintained by mobile nodes and/or on roles of network nodes in a routing. According to the first classification base, MANET routing protocols are proactive, reactive, or hybrid combinations of proactive and reactive protocols. According to the role-based classification, MANET routing protocols are either uniform when all network nodes have the same role or non-uniform when the roles are different and dedicated. A contemporary review of MANET routing protocols is briefly presented. Security attacks against MANET routing can be passive and or active. The purpose of the former is information retrieval, for example network traffic monitoring, while the latter is performed by malicious nodes with the express intention of disturbing, modifying or interrupting MANET routing. An overview of active attacks based on modification, impersonation/spoofing, fabrication, wormhole, and selfish behavior is presented. The importance of cryptography and trust in secure MANET routing is also outlined, with relevant security extensions of existing routing protocols for MANETs described and assessed. A comparison of existing secure routing protocols form the main contribution in this paper, while some future research challenges in secure MANET routing are discussed.

Secure Routing for MANET Connected Internet of Things Systems

“…Gateway routers connecting IoT devices in MANETs must be trusted and reliable interfaces for secure MANET routing protocols and secure Internet routing protocols. Although many proposals for secure MANET routing exist, none of these provides protection against all current and possible future security attacks [22]. Looking forward, it is likely a synthesis of current and future proposals for secure MANET routing protocols will be needed to enable protection against existing security attacks, while emerging MANET-connected IoT systems present an entirely different set of challenges which will mandate new and innovative solutions.…”

“…[21] IV. THREATS AND VULNERABILITIES TO ROUTING IN MANETS Security threats against routing in MANETs are classified into either passive or active attacks [22]. The purpose of a passive attack is usually to eavesdrop on routing communication and to retrieve information from monitored data packets.…”

Identifying Time Measurement Tampering in the Traversal Time and Hop Count Analysis (TTHCA) Wormhole Detection Algorithm

“…The open nature and absence of dedicated routers mean that MANETs are especially vulnerable to routing attacks [1,2] which can lead to severe disruption of network communications. The wormhole attack [3] is one of the most serious MANET routing threats since it is relatively easy to launch, difficult to detect and can yet cause significant communications disruption.…”

Vulnerability Analysis of Mobile Agents Praxis in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

“…In today's world, the computing can be done on any device, such as phones, sensors, vehicles, military equipment etc. Due to this, the affinity is towards the self-configuring and infrastructure-less mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) [12]. MANET is a group of mobile nodes and connected through a provisional and spontaneous network.…”