Routing protocols for underwater wireless sensor networks

Abstract

Underwater Wireless Sensor Network (UWSN) is newly developed branch of Wireless Sensor network (WSN). UWSN is used for exploration of underwater resources, oceanographic data collection, flood or disaster prevention, tactical surveillance system and unmanned underwater vehicles. UWSN uses sensors of small size with a limited energy, memory and allows limited range for communication. Due to multiple differences from terrestrial sensor network, radio waves cannot be used over here. Acoustic channel are used for communication in deep water, which has many limitations like low bandwidth, high end to end delay and path loss. With the above limitations while using acoustic waves, it is very important to develop energy efficient and reliable protocols. Energy efficient communication in underwater networks has become uttermost need of UWSN technology. The main aim nowadays is to operate sensor with smaller battery for a longer time. This paper will analyse various routing protocols in the area of UWSN through simulation. This paper will analyse Depth Based Routing (DBR), Energy Efficient Depth Based Routing (EEDBR) and Hop by Hop Dynamic Addressing Based (H2-DAB) protocol through simulation. This comparison is carried out on the basis of total consumed energy, end to end delay, path loss and data delivery ratio.

DRP: An energy‐efficient routing protocol for underwater sensor networks

“…15 Many UWSN routing protocols have been proposed recently. However, due to the differences between UWSN and WSN, these WSN-based routing protocols are not suitable in UWSN.…”

“…In the meantime, the values of HC(v i ) and C max (v i ) will also be updated accordingly and a HELLO packet will be broadcast by v i (lines [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. In the meantime, the values of HC(v i ) and C max (v i ) will also be updated accordingly and a HELLO packet will be broadcast by v i (lines [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18].…”

A bidirectional full duplex medium access control protocol for underwater acoustic networks

“…[ [1][2][3] 지상 네트워크에서 매체 접속 제어(Medium Access Control, MAC) 프로토콜과 관련해서 여러 연구가 수 행되었다. Bianchi [4] 는 마코브 체인 모델을 활용하여 IEEE 802.11 DCF(Distributed Coordination Function) 시 스템 처리율을 분석하였다.…”

Survey on Energy-Efficient Routing Algorithms for Underwater Wireless Sensor Network

“…All the discussed units' runs under the power unit, power unit is responsible to supply the required energy to all these units to perform functionality of the node. The nodes in underwater environment have ability to communicate between each other or to communicate with surface nodes through acoustic channel [5]. Majority of the researchers have given feasible algorithms, deployment methodologies, different architectural structures as well as data forwarding mechanisms to prolong the battery life of the nodes; but due to the underwater environmental conditions and some delay factors, the underwater nodes cannot maintain their power levels and the power supply deplete earlier [6].…”